近乔木的

Trees 10–25 m tall; sepals nearly as long as hypanthium; drupe 1.2–2.5 cm.

乔木10-25米高；萼片近等长托杯；核果的1.2-2.5 厘米 12

Leaves opposite, subopposite, or rarely spirally arranged; stipules small and early deciduous with conspicuous scars on petiole, sometimes subpersistent; leaf blade almost leathery.

常绿乔木；叶对生，近对生，或很少螺旋状排列；托叶在叶柄，有时近宿存上由于显眼的伤痕小和早脱落；叶片几乎革质。

Shrubs or small trees, evergreen; new foliage shoots arising from subterminal buds and from axils of leaves; young shoots not scaly, glabrous or pubescent and glandular-setose.

灌木或小乔木，常绿；新的叶枝生于近顶生芽和叶的腋；幼枝无鳞片，无毛或被短柔毛和具腺。

Kaizuca, Camellia japonica L.,Ginkgo biloba L., Celtis sinensis Pers., Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz., Acer truncatum Bunge, Albizia julibrissin Durazz., Ailanthus altissima Swingle, Cerasus serrulataG.,Pistacia chinensis Bunge, Euonymas japonicus Thunb.Sabina konarovii Chent at W.T.Wang, Sabina chinensis cv.Pfitzeriana. 3.Tree planning on urban forestry construction of Qingdao city is based on trees investigation,analyses, appraise and under the guidance of the theories on city ecology, ecological landscape, scenic aesthetics, city planning and etc.

青岛市城市森林建设的树种近自然化规划：树种布局规划应以树种调查、分析、评价为基础，以城市生态学、生态园林学、风景美学、城市规划学等理论为指导，并综合青岛市所在植被分布自然规律和城市森林建设现状，因地制宜的确定城市树种的主要比例关系：常绿树与落叶树的比例以3：7为宜；乔木与灌木的比例以2：1为宜；针叶树与阔叶树的比例以1：4为宜；木本植物与草本植物之比1：4；速生树与慢生树的比例以1：1为宜。

In between naturalness and unnaturalness there is a mist that continues to grow stronger and broader.

一走进会场右边，首先映入眼帘的是林俊兴董事长今年度油画新作〈自然迷雾〉，作品内涵为：自然演化到最近的百万年大乔木取得优势，出现了以十万年为周期的冰河现象，但最近一万年崛起的人类，先是以农业文明站在大乔木的这一边，阻绝了回温的过程，而又以工业文明站在地球与动物的一边，让温度快速上升而走回近百万年的规律，但这种人为演化强烈的加在自然演化之上，自然就有些不自然。

In construction of the city park, we should chose the suitable agrestic plants based on the basic theory of ecology and community succession and use the technique of"imitate nature" to construct the approaching nature communities in which the trees species were dominated and the shrub and grass were also included.

本文指出在城市公园建设中应以自然植被和群落演替的基本理论为依据，选择乡土树种即当地自然植被中的主要乔、灌木种类，&模拟自然&的技术和方法通过人工营造与植被自然生长的完美结合，建造以乔木为主体，乔灌花草多种植物相结合、常绿落叶相结合的近自然群落。

Trees evergreen; trunk monopodial, straight; branches nearly whorled; branchlets ridged and grooved, with each leaf borne on a persistent, peglike base; short branchlets absent; winter buds ovoid, conical, or subglobose, resinous or not, scales on terminal buds recurved or not, persistent at base of branchlets.

常绿乔木树干单轴分枝，直；分枝差不多轮生；小枝具脊和凹槽，有每叶生于一持久，钉状基础；短小枝无；卵球形，圆锥状的冬芽，或近球形，与否树脂，由顶芽开出的鳞片与否，宿存在基部的小枝。

The analyses of social and economic development indicate that, up to 1998, the total population in Yijinholo County is 143, 949 persons, the population density is 24 persons per square kilometer, large population number results in land exploitation for food and overgrazing in rangeland. The change in temporal and spatial pattern of landuse from 1977 to 1998 demonstrates that mobile sand dunes was replaced by rangeland and woodland and partial shrubland in the middle of study area changed into rangeland and farmland from 1977 to 1987, while mobile sand dunes and rangeland transformed into shrubland and farmland in a small parts from 1987 to 1998, the above-mentioned change is proved by the change of fractal dimension index and fragmentation index at landscape and its element levels.

对近50年来伊旗社会经济发展的分析结果表明，虽然人口增长率基本上呈下降趋势，但由于人口基数较大，截至1998年底，伊金霍洛旗的人口总数达143949人，人口密度为24人／平方公里，较高的人口密度带来了更多的生存需求，使得大量的草牧场被开垦，而剩余的则严重超载。1977-1998年间伊土地利用结构总体格局变化的分析结果表明，1977-1987时段内主要是流动沙地为草牧场和乔木林地所取代，伴随着中部的部分灌木林地转换为草牧场和农地：而1987-1998时段内主要是草牧场和流沙地为灌木林地和农地特别是灌木林地所取代，而景观及各景观要素的分维度指数和破碎度指数的变化也充分证实了这一结论，虽然在前10年（1977-1987年）中大面积的灌木林被砍伐，但土地利用格局的整体变化间接地反映出该时段内荒漠化的状况正在发生逆转。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。