运筹学

In fact, two of these scientists are credited with first coining the phrase "operational research".

事实上，正是这些科学家中的两位首次提出了"运筹学"这一名词。

The vehicle scheduling problem is the very core of the content in the logistics scopes, it is a typical NP-hard problem, involving in many research subjects such as operations research, applied mathematics, combinatorial optimization, network analysis, computer software, computer applications, logistics science, transportation management, etc.

车辆优化调度问题(Vehicle Scheduling Problem，简称VSP)是物流配送中的最为核心的内容，它是一个典型的NP难题，涉及到运筹学、应用数学，组合优化、图论与网络分析、计算机软件、计算机应用、物流科学、运输管理等众多学科领域。

VSP becomes advanced and hot spots in the field of operations research and combinatorial optimization research, researches for VSP can promote actively the development of the theory and method of combinatorial optimization.

VSP是运筹学与组合优化领域的前沿与研究热点问题，对它的研究为组合优化理论与方法的发展有着积极的推动作用。

Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient Method; Line Search; Sufficient Descent Direction; Global Convergence

基础科学，数学，运筹学非线性共轭梯度法；线性搜索；充分下降方向；全局收敛性

Convexity and convex function have extensive applications in functional analysis, optimal theory, and mathematical economy.

凸性和凸函数在不等式、泛函分析、最优理论、运筹学、控制论及数理经济学等应用数学领域都有很多应用。

In addition, we apply integer layout theory of operations research to get the best plan in the light of the income in the different place. The distribution of computer lottery has the character of real time and dispersedness.

此外，为了得到理论上最优的设奖方案，我们运用了运筹学中的整数归划理论，进行最优化方案的求解，根据各地的收入情况，得到最优的设奖方案。

In addition to traditional operations research,the modern heuristics have been attractive in fundamental research and real applications.

除了传统的运筹学方法，现代启发式方法正在得到越来越多的研究人员的关注和重视，已经广泛地应用于基础研究和实际工程领域。

The paper Reviews the Chinese traditional management and describes the best application examples of operation research such as linear programming, decision analysis and Hungarian method applied in teaching task assignment.

本文回顾了常规的教学管理体制，论述了运筹学应用于教学管理的必要性。列举了决策分析、线性规划及匈牙利法用于教改、教学任务安排的最佳考虑。用样品假设检验检查教改效果好坏。所有这些都离不开计算机的帮助。

The research in this paper has made the applied research of goal programming a further step toward knowledgeablization and intellectualization, and it is the interaction and inosculation among Operations Research, knowledge engineering, artificial intelligence, machine learning and so on.

本研究成果使目标规划的应用研究朝着知识化、智能化方向迈进一步，是目标规划与知识工程、人工智能、机器学习等学科理论的渗透与交叉，充实了智能运筹学这一新学科的研究基础，对于学科的发展具有一定意义。

Industrial Engineering emphasizes on "system conception","engineering consciousness" and "over all plans, integer optimization and synthesis", and it mainly involves system science, management science, computer science, operation research and ergonomics, etc.

工业工程领域的特点是强调"系统观念"和"工程意识"，重视研究对象的"统筹规划、整体优化和综合原理"。因此，工业工程领域涉及的主要学科领域有系统科学、现代管理科学、计算机科学、运筹学、人因工程等。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。