运动

Akinesia 运动不能 Slow initiation, or loss of power of voluntary movements seen in patients with basal ganglia pathology.

一种起始缓慢、或丧失控制随意运动的能力的症状，常见於基底神经节病变的病人。

the authors performed 3d photographic measurement on the technical moves of zhang wen-xiu as an excellent female hammer thrower in china to get relatively comprehensive body movement data by using two jvc3000 high-speed cameras, screened and analyzed the data by using spss software, and revealed the following findings: in terms of such technical parameters as spinning time, spinning track and spinning speed, there were some problems with this player, which restricted the enhancement of her performance, such as the double leg supporting time was shorter than the single leg supporting time; the angle of inclination of the track of various swirls was somewhat too big; the accelerating process was too short; too much attention was paid to acceleration at the single leg supporting stage; the spinning at the double leg supporting stage was too fast; the sustainable accelerating power was not high.

运动生物力学在乒乓球运动中的应用与。。。对投掷运动员运动损伤的调查分析与预。。。《运动防病治病讲座》健身运动的基本。。。都市运动研究：理论传统的界定和中国。。。《运动防病治病讲座》中年人的健身运。。。体校学生特征性运动自信心和运动动机。。。中国优秀沙滩排球运动员运动损伤流行。。。摘要：采用两台jvc3000高速摄像机对中国女子链球优秀运动员张文秀的技术动作进行三维摄影测量，获得较为全面的人体运动学数据；运用spss软件对数据进行筛选和相关分析，发现该运动员在旋转时间、轨迹和速度等技术参数方面存在着一些制约成绩提高的问题，诸如双支撑时间短于单支撑时间、各圈(尤其第1圈)的轨迹倾角偏大、加速过程太短、单支撑阶段过于强调加速及双支撑阶段旋转过快、持续加速能力不强等。

Sports 运动 Both team sports and individual sports are extremely popular in the United States.

在美国，无论是集体的或个人的运动项目，人们都极其喜爱。

On conditions that sports technology come into being , keeping on adding load training will help improving sports technology. Further research declares that nerve connection which is set up by shaped action will be broken and new connection will be expended and differentiated till a new movement fixed after sports technology coming into being and sports intension overload. So sports technology is relative to a certain load training intension.

在运动负荷强度对运动技能形成的影响中，传统观念认为适宜的运动负荷强度有利于运动技能的形成，但是这里所指的运动技能的形成，实际上是建立在某一运动负荷强度下所形成的运动技能，当运动负荷强度超过原来已经适应的运动强度负荷时，已巩固了的运动技能动作所建立起的神经联系又被再次打破，产生新的泛化、分化直到建立新的动力定型。

by applying psychological measurement methods, the author compared volition quality between short track speed skaters with difference sports performances and genders in order to gain an insight into if there is a difference in volition quality between them, and revealed the following findings: in terms of objective clearness male skaters at international master sportsman level are superior to male skaters at national master sportsman level, but in terms of renitency male skaters at national master sportsman level are superior to male skaters at international master sportsman level; female skaters at national master sportsman level are superior to level 1 female skaters in terms of renitency, determination, confidence and total score, and differences between them are significant; furthermore, by comparing volition quality between male and female skaters, the author found that in terms of toughness male skaters are superior to female skaters, and the difference is significant, but in terms of other 5 factors and total score, differences between them are not significant.

以心理干预为核心手段的运动员运动损。。。我国优秀排球运动员运动寿命影响因素。。。运动生物力学在乒乓球运动中的应用与。。。对投掷运动员运动损伤的调查分析与预。。。《运动防病治病讲座》健身运动的基本。。。都市运动研究：理论传统的界定和中国。。。《运动防病治病讲座》中年人的健身运。。。体校学生特征性运动自信心和运动动机。。。中国优秀沙滩排球运动员运动损伤流行。。。摘要：采用心理测量法，从不同运动水平、不同性别短道速滑运动员意志品质的比较入手，了解其意志品质是否存在差别。结果表明：男子国际健将运动员在目标清晰维度上好于男子国家健将级运动员，但在顽强性维度上，国家健将级运动员好于国际健将级运动员；女子国家健将级运动员在顽强性、果断性、自信心3个维度和总分上均好于女子一级运动员，两者差异具有显著性；此外，比较男、女运动员之间的意志品质，发现男运动员在坚韧性维度上好于女运动员，差异显著，但在其他5个维度及总分上，两者差别不具有显著性意义。

In the procedure of gymnastics athletes' U.C., the functions of the conditional ability performing now are more and more important in the competitive abilities of the floor exercises; besides the sport technique and conditional ability, one should pay attention to the figure in the pommel horse; the importance of the conditional ability is far above the sport technique , and the requirements of the figure are also high in the rings; the characters of competitive abilities of the vaulting horse are similar to those of the floor exercise, in which conditional ability plays a very important role; the requirements of the sport technique in the parallel bars are above those of the conditional ability; the requires of sport technique in the horizontal bar are strikely above those of other individual events, and the psychological ability is above the conditional ability; uneven bars contains much techniques, which means, sport technique is above the conditional ability; balance beam also contains much techniques and requires the least in the conditional ability in women's events, but this individual event demands psychological ability badly. Therefore one should emphasize on the cultivation the psychological ability when U.C. is applied to the balance beam.

体操各单项在实施非衡结构补偿过程中，自由体操各竞技能力中运动素质发挥着越来越大的作用；鞍马注重运动技术和素质外，还应注意形态要求；吊环中运动素质的重要程度远大于运动技术，对形态的要求也很高；跳马与自由体操的竞技能力特点类似，运动素质的作用非常大；双杠对运动技术的要求高于运动素质；单杠对运动技术的要求明显高于其它诸项要素，对心理能力的要求甚至略高于运动素质；高低杠技术性很强，对运动技术的要求高于运动素质；平衡木技术性较强，对运动素质的要求不如女子其他各项高，但对心理能力的要求非常高，在实施非衡补偿时，应注意对心理能力的培养。

Results showed:(1) The airway responsiveness of smoke control group was higher than that of normal control group, the airway responsiveness of smoke + exercise group was lower than that of smoke control group;(2) Plasma level of cortisol determined immediately after exercise was higher than that determined before exercise, no significant difference occurs between that determined next day morning after all exercise finished in contrast to that determined before exercise;(3) HE staining showed, there was severe chronic pulmonary inflammatory response in smoke control group, which was reduced in the smoke + exercise group;(4) chronic cigarette smoke downregulated the protein and mRNA expression of BKca in smooth muscles of bronchi and bronchioli, exercise increased the mRNA expression of BKca;(5) chronic cigarette smoke downregulated the protein and mRNA expression of Kv1. 5 in smooth muscles of bronchi and bronchioli, exercise increased both the protein and mRNA expression of Kv1. 5 in contrast to smoke control group in bronchioli and did not effect the expression of Kv1. 5 in bronchi;(6) chronic cigarette smoke induced upregulation of FIZZ1/RELMα in bronchial smooth muscle cells, exercise decreased these effect.

结果：(1)吸烟对照组的气道反应性明显增高，吸烟加运动应激可明显降低大鼠的气道反应性；(2)吸烟运动组运动后血浆皮质醇浓度明显高于运动前，但全部运动结束后次日晨测定的血浆皮质醇浓度与运动前无明显差异；(3)HE染色显示，吸烟对照组肺组织出现明显的慢性炎症反应，吸烟加运动应激组比吸烟对照组炎症反应轻；(4)慢性吸烟可降低大鼠大气道和小气道BKca mRNA和蛋白表达，而吸烟加运动应激可使BKca mRNA表达上调，但对小气道的蛋白表达无影响；(5)慢性吸烟可降低大鼠大气道和小气道Kv1.5蛋白和mRNA表达，在小气道吸烟加运动应激可减轻这种作用，大气道则无作用；(6)吸烟使支气管平滑肌的FIZZ1/RELMα蛋白表达明显增强，而吸烟加运动组的RELMα蛋白及mRNA均明显减弱。

According to the above-mentioned experiments, the study select discriminable data which form discriminant function and make discriminant analysis on the objects (students from junior Grade Two and senior Grade Two, with academic achievements ranging from excellence, ordinariness, to failure) with ten members in each group, which leads to a discriminant system of middle school students with different academic achievements.Ⅳ.

本研究研制和开发了WACOM-2005-1型数码写字板，采用手书运动分析技术，分别选择初二、高二年级学优生、中等生、学差生各12至24人进行研究，从自然手书运动、控制性手书运动、在不同压力状态下的手书运动以及手书运动学习四个方面，通过8个系列实验，探索了左右手、有无视觉参与的自然手书运动特点；定点直线、追随手书的控制性手书运动特点；数字认知压力、汉字认知压力、情绪变化、有无噪音条件下的手书运动特点；手书运动学习的特点。

Sport intuition has some characters such as rapidness, probability, directness, situational, difference among sport levels, limitation for information, intuition process with the self-confidence to the veracity of results.(3) Sport intuition belongs to the hypogenous concept of intuition, which is an advanced level of cognation skill and has a special status in the sport thinking.(4) There are level difference, individual difference, group difference and development difference in the sport intuition.(5) The influence factors sport intuition include the social and acquired factors, the biological factors and the situational factors.

本研究初步建构了运动直觉的理论，提出了一些观点与认识，如：1运动直觉是个体在复杂的运动情境中，根据有限的信息，对问题进行直接地和迅速地解决的思维。2运动直觉具有直接性、快速性、或然性、情境性、运动水平差异性、信息受限性和直觉过程伴随着对结果正确性的自信心等特点。3运动直觉是独立的直觉的下位概念，是认知技能的较高水平，在运动思维中占有着独特的地位。4运动直觉存在着运动水平差异、个体差异，项群差异和发展差异。5运动直觉的影响因素包括社会性与习得性因素、生物性因素和情境性因素。

In the second part of the paper, the sport techniques of the flight elements was analysised in-depth theoretically by the movement technical structure:①the giant swing was first analysised in mechanics by applying the Kane's method, the dynamic equation of 5-link multi-body model was established, and the computer simulation software of the giant swing on the high bar was developed.

其次，作为单杠上飞行动作系统性研究的另一主要方面，本论文对飞行动作一般技术结构中的各技术环节进行了深入的理论分析：①着重对飞行动作准备阶段的回环运动技术进行了动力学分析，主要采用了多体力学理论中的Kane方法，建立了5环节人体回环运动的动力学方程，并应用计算机数值仿真技术研制开发了用于回环运动动力学分析的数值仿真软件，进而以动作实例对回环运动进行了数值仿真与误差分析，其所得到的数值仿真结果能够满足对人体回环运动的动力学分析和仿真要求；②对于飞行动作的撒手技术环节，本论文从人体环节相对运动角度，来分析撒手时人体质心的运动以及撒手时角动量参数，并列举了几种飞行动作撒手技术的基本力学指标；③关于飞行动作的空中技术，论文在总结了空翻转体动力学机理的研究成果基础上，对人体空中运动定量化问题进行了一般性描述，并进一步应用刚体动力学理论，着重建立起了描述空翻与转体技术之间定量化的关系，讨论了空翻转体运动的稳定性及其运动模式的转换问题，它对于定量地评定空翻转体技术以及今后对空翻转体动作进行数值仿真都具有理论上和实践上的重要意义；④关于飞行动作再握技术环节，本论文避免了以再握瞬时性的力学参数指标来描述再握技术特征的简单化途径，提出以再握下摆与回环下摆相对比的方法来研究再握技术，并以飞行动作再握技术的具体实例进行了对比分析，表明再握下摆技术相比回环下摆技术有着相当的困难性和复杂性，运动员对再握下摆过程中各环节的相对运动实施有效的控制，是连接高难动作以及顺利流畅地完成成套动作的关键。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。