过细的

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

And they were of no earthly value to me, for every time I needed some concrete fact, I had to look it up on maps and in atlases and encyclopedias and blue books……

对于我这种极其喜欢旅游的人来说，我仍然对中国的地理浓厚的兴趣，不过细分析来，我感兴趣的更多应该属于人文地理的层面，而非它的物理概念或专业层面，我想这也是我对地理极其不&感冒&，而对旅游极其&感冒&的原因。

In order to assess the change of triploid populus tomentoza pulp plantation long-term-site productivity, The paper studied on effects of aboveground litterfall, fine root turnover and wet dust precipitation in nutrient cycling of triploid populus tomentoza pulp plantations at different ages,namely 2a、4a、5a、6a.It studied influence of different factors on decomposition of leaf、tree bark and twig of triploid populus tomentoza to select the operations to accelerate the decomposition and nutrient release. Finally, it studied influence of different intercrops on plantation site productivity and the relationship of intercrops and triploid populus tomentoza to select suitable intercrops. The main results as follows:(1)The aboveground litterfall of triploid populus tomentoza increased along with age from 216.03±59.7gm~(-2) at 3a to 482.38±101.3gm~(-2) at 7a, The N returned by litterfall wasl8.38±2.46kg.hm~(-2)a~-121.63±2.25kg.hm~(-2a~-139.51±4.61kg.hm~(-2a~-138.89±4.89kg.hm~(-2a~(-1) at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. The P returned by litterfall was 5.80±0.62kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)、8.16±0.94kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1), 11.31±1.33kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)、11.76±1.37kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1) at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. The nutrient returned by fine root turnover increased along with age, too. The N returned by fine root turnover was 3.85±0.41kghm~(-2)a~(-1)、5.22±0.63kghm~(-2)a~(-1),7.62±0.89kghm~(-2)a~(-1),9.17±1.22kghm~(-2)a~(-1) at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. The P returned by fine root turnover was 0.73±0.07kghm~(-2)a~(-1)、1.69±0.09kghm~(-2) a~(-1)、1.92±0.31kghm~(-2)a~(-1)、1.96±0.21kghm~(-2)a~(-1) at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. The leaf was the principal pathway to return nutrient to soil among litterfall, fine root turnover and wet dust precipitation. The proportion of returned N by leaf was 74.84%、71.96%、78.58%、75.03% at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively,The proportion of returned P by leaf was 85.93%、80.31%、83.04%、83.23% at 3a、5a、6a、7a respectively. Therefore, it is important to protect and utilize the leaf in order to maintenance and enhance the long-term-site productivity of triploid populus tomentoza pulp plantation.

本文采取时序研究法，以3a、5a、6a、7a共4个不同年龄的三倍体毛白杨纸浆林为对象，研究了地上凋落物、细根周转、湿沉降在林分N、P营养元素循环中的作用及不同年龄林分N、P营养元素循环的特征，以评价三倍体毛白杨纸浆林长期立地生产力的变化；采取网袋法研究了不同因素对落叶、树皮、树枝分解的影响，以确定加快其分解、促进养分释放的措施：同时研究了不同间作物对林地影响、林木与间作物之间关系，以选择能维持立地生产力的合适的间作物种类等内容，得到以下结论：(1)随着年龄的增加，三倍体毛白杨地上凋落物的数量从3a的216.03±59.7gm~(-2)增加到7a的482.38±101.3gm~(-2)，通过凋落物归还的N分别为：3a时为18.38±2.46kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，5a时为21.63±2.25kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，6a时为39.51±4.61kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，7a时为38.89±4.89kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，归还的P分别为：3a时为5.80±0.62kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，5a时为8.16±0.94kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，6a时为11.31±1.33kg.hm~(-2)a~(-1)，7a时为11.76±1.37kg.hm~(-2)a~-1随着年龄的增加，通过细根周转归还的养分也在增加，归还的N分别为：3a时3.85±0.41kghm~(-2a~(-1)，5a时5.22±0.63kghm~(-2)a~(-1)，6a时7.62±0.89kghm~(-2)a~(-1)，7a时9.17±1.22kghm~(-2)a~-1归还的P分别为：3a时0.73±0.07kghm~(-2a~(-1)，5a时1.69±0.09kghm~(-2)a~(-1)，6a时1.92±0.31kghm~(-2)a~(-1)，7a时1.96±0.21kghm~(-2)a~-1从地上凋落物、细根周转、湿沉降三种不同途径归还林地养分所占的比例来看，地上凋落物中的落叶是归还养分主要途径，年龄在3a、5a、6a、7a时，通过落叶归还的N所占比例分别为74.84%、71.96%、78.58%和75.03%，归还的P所占比例分别为85.93%、80.31%、83.04%和83.23%。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了