过程控制

This study describes the multi-facet systematic evolution of the said rural community from 1907 to 2007: from the perspective of ethnic culture, it has changed from a single ethnic cultural community of Yoghur(Ethnic Yugur\'s self-name) ethnic group into a multi-ethnic cultural community with Yoghur ethnic group as the dominating majority and embracing the ethnic groups of Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Kazak; from the perspective of language, it has changed from a community where Yoghur and Tibetan languages dominated with the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language as the subordinate into one where the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language dominate with the Yoghur language as the subordinate; in the perspective of marriage and heirship system, from a parallel operation of two systems (patrilineal heirship for official marriages and matrilineal heirship system for matrimonial forms through the head-wearing ceremony) to monogamy and patrilineal heirship; in the perspective of means of living, from animal husbandry complemented with hand knitting and camel caravan transporting to agricultural farming complemented with animal husbandry and many others; in the perspective of social organization, from a traditional tribe to a modern country society; in the perspective of political system and social management, from the customs-authority management which combined the dominating headman hereditary system under the tribal union of an imperial dynasty and the subordinating elite influence, to the resource-interest management of party-government departmental system under the ethnic minority autonomy of a nation state; in the perspective of religious faith, from a coexistence of the Gelug Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism and the devout ancestor worship to the currently prevalent ancestor worship with religions declining and faith weakening; in the perspective of education, from the local-knowledge-oriented education to an official-knowledge-oriented education, in which modern schooling has become the major educational organization instead of the former traditional temple education; the school has replaced the temple as the "knowledge-culture" communication center; at least in the minds of the local people the central role of family education during the children\'s cultural development has also been replaced by schooling.

本研究描述了1907～2007年间，这个乡村社区的多面向的系统变迁：从族群文化的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔为绝对主体的单一族群文化社区转变为一个以尧乎尔为主体的、有汉、藏、土、蒙古、哈萨克等组成的多元族群文化社区；从语言文字的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔语和藏文为主，以汉语方言和汉文为辅的社区转变为一个以汉语方言和汉文为主，以尧乎尔语为辅的社区；从婚姻与继嗣制度的角度而言，从一个双系并行(明媒正娶婚行父系继嗣制度，帐房戴头婚行母系继嗣制度)的社区转变为行一夫一妻制和父系继嗣制度的社区；从生计方式的角度看，从一个以畜牧业生产为主，以手工编织和驼队运输为辅的社区转变为一个以农业为主，以牧业为辅的、多种生计方式并存的社区；从社会组织的形态而言，从一个传统部落社会转变为一个现代乡村社会；从政治制度和社会控制的角度而言，从帝制王朝的部落联盟制下头目世袭制为主，户族精英为辅的习俗—权威型控制方式转变为一个民族-国家中民族区域自治制度下以党政科层制的资源—利益型控制方式；从宗教信仰的角度而言，从一个格鲁派藏传佛教和萨满教并存，祖先崇拜之风甚烈的社区转变为寺庙衰落、信仰淡化、惟祖先崇拜仍广为流行的社区；从教育的角度而言，从一个以地方知识教育为主的社区转变为一个以官方知识教育为主的社区，现代学校教育取代了传统寺庙教育成为社区的主要教育组织形式，学校取代寺庙成为"知识—文化"传播的中心，在青少年儿童的文化成长过程中，家庭教养扮演的中心角色，至少在乡民的观念上被学校教育替代。

In the view of the control system for hest power engineering, it makes the persistence running of the AGC of the large scale units that burn coal becomes possible.

本控制策略实现了磨煤机启动过程中的燃料量的智能控制，从热工控制的角度使大型燃煤机组AGC的长期连续投运成为可能。

The application of minimal tension control in high speed wire production is introduced.

介绍了微张力控制在高速线材生产中的应用，该控制系统采用工业以太网与现场总线控制相结合的方式，由操作级、过程级和传动级三部分组成。

This paper made use of the electro-hydraulic proportional control technology, adopting the principle of separate the ground control or grouping and unite control to control the velocity and pressure of thrust hydraulic cylinder to complete the shield machine attitude adjust in the course of its advance.

应用电液比例控制技术，采用分组联合控制的原则，控制推进液压缸的速度及压力，完成盾构推进过程中的盾构掘进姿态的调整。

A fuzzy control system incorporated with sectional integral compensation is introduced,and the working principle of the contrl system,the determination of the rule of the fuzzy control and the realization of the adjusting parameter and temperature control system are described indetail.

在塑料挤出过程中，温度控制的效果直接影响挤出制品的质量，包括制品表面的残余应力、收缩率及制品质量的稳定性等。温度控制装置的可靠性及温度控制的精度是保证制品品质的关键因素之一[1] 。

Gray stystem theroy is a new way of thinking and methods about the quality management and control by transfer theroy and probability distribution theroy controling means in the pavement smoothness construction control. Acoording to actual state, different constructors could erect homologous pavement structrue smoothness interlamination transfer models using transfer theroy, and carry out pavement smoothness construction control, it comes to obvious effect in actual application.

本文通过施工过程中的平整度传递和概率分布规律，利用灰色理论对路面平整度的质量管理和控制提出了新的方法和思路：根据工程实际情况利用传递规律的原理建立相应的路面结构平整度层间传递模型，并据此对路面平整度的施工进行控制，对施工平整度的控制起到指导作用。

Aiming at the problems existing in production process of intermittent stills,e.g.,poor level in automation,intensive labor of workers,control accuracy,and insufficient production efficiency,an intelligent automatic control system based on Siemens PCS7 is proposed.

针对间歇反应釜生产过程中存在的自动化控制水平相对落后、工人劳动强度大、控制精度低、主产率不理想等问题，提出了基于西门子PCS7的智能化自动控制系统。

The control principle of electrostatic shaping was introduced according to the balance between electrostatic force and resulting force formed by membrane deformation and the complex shaping process of SMEC. Then, taking the trisection circularity electrode for an example, the distribution characteristic of electric potential in the electrostatic field was analyzed, namely, the expression of potential function in the electrostatic field was deduced by Laplacian equation. And then, by combining the difference equation with electric potential expression, the numerical solutions of electrostatic force in single electrode mode and trisection circularity electrode mode were disposed. Finally, the calculated figure was compared with the ideal paraboloid and comparison shows that more accuracy would be achieved by multi-electrode control.

根据静电力与薄膜变形载荷作用力之间的平衡关系和静电拉伸薄膜反射镜成形的复杂过程，介绍了薄膜反射镜静电成形的控制原理；以三等分环状电极为例，分析了静电场中空间电势分布特性，即从拉普拉斯方程推导出静态场势函数的表达式；然后，利用差分与电势方程结合的方法，对单电极电场力和三等分环状电极电场力进行了数值求解；最后，将计算面形与理想抛物面进行了比较，结果显示，单电极情况下得到的薄膜反射镜面形不是理想抛物面，若采用多电极控制可获得更高的控制精度。

The control principle of electrostatic shaping was introduced according to the balance between electrostatic force and resulting force formed by membrane deformation and the complex shaping process of SMEC. Then, taking the trisection circularity electrode for an example, the distribution characteristic of electric potential in the electrostatic field was analyzed, namely, the expression of potential function in the electrostatic field was deduced by Laplacian equation. And then, by combining the difference equation with electric potential expression, the numerical solutions of electrostatic force in single electrode mode and trisection circularity electrode mode were disposed.

根据静电力与薄膜变形载荷作用力之间的平衡关系和静电拉伸薄膜反射镜成形的复杂过程，介绍了薄膜反射镜静电成形的控制原理；以三等分环状电极为例，分析了静电场中空间电势分布特性，即从拉普拉斯方程推导出静态场势函数的表达式；然后，利用差分与电势方程结合的方法，对单电极电场力和三等分环状电极电场力进行了数值求解；最后，将计算面形与理想抛物面进行了比较，结果显示，单电极情况下得到的薄膜反射镜面形不是理想抛物面，若采用多电极控制可获得更高的控制精度。

For researchers in this field because of the difficulty of the problem.After concisely introducing the development and current situation of inverted pendulum system research, the mechanism and mathematical model of inverted pendulum are presented.

本文首先阐述了倒立摆系统控制研究的发展过程和控制现状，介绍了倒立摆系统的结构和数学模型，并详细推导验证了四级倒立摆的数学模型，为更高层次的控制规律的研究打下了良好的基础。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。