过程控制

The development process of urban traffic signal control systems is simply reviewed, and the actuals and evolvement of traffic systems such as SCOOT, SCATS, UTOPIA, RHODES, OPAC and PRODYN are introduced. The above systems′ characteristics and shortages are analyzed. This paper points out that the keys for improving the performances of urban traffic signal control system are high quality detection data of traffic volume and traffic models.The development of urban traff...

简单回顾城市交通信号控制系统的发展过程；重点介绍SCOOT、SCATS、UTOPIA、RHODES、OPAC和PRODYN系统的现状和进展，分析其特点和不足；通过分析指出：提高城市交通控制系统性能的关键是高质量的交通量检测数据和交通模型，显然，把先进的智能控制技术、信息融合和处理技术与交通管理技术结合起来，才是城市交通信号控制系统发展的方向。

In order to prove the reliability, test studies have been primarily carried out in the indoor soil bin. The data of the vehicle driving state parameters under the same or different terrain are analyzed. The process curves are compared by different control schemes. The theoretical model of the optimum driving state is reliable and fuzzy control scheme is feasible. The disturbances and unknown factors of control system are analyzed. Test results prove that the half-tracked air-cushion vehicle can drive steadily under control of the computer. At the same time the sensors used to measure soil mechanics characteristics on line need to be developed. And it is the important problem to be solved in the future study. The necessary regulation and correction are put up. So the studies in this paper provide some instruction for the further research work.

为了验证本文提出的最佳工作状态及最佳垫压理论，并分析控制系统的可靠性和稳定性，本文在半履带式气垫车的模型车上，在室内土槽中进行了初步的实车性能和理论验证试验，考察了在同种和不同土壤条件下气垫车的行驶状态参数的测量数据，比较了采用不同控制方法下的过程曲线，验证了最佳工作状态的理论模型和模糊控制系统方案的可行性与可靠性，从而保证了采用自整定模糊PID控制器能够使半履带式气垫车在稳定行驶最佳工作状态下；同时通过试验研究，分析了系统中各干扰与未知因素，对控制方案进行了相应的调整和修正，为今后进一步的研究工作提供了一定的指导。

The composition of the system,injection and ignition signal generation and measurement of control map characteristics,as well as the control algorism of gasoline injection quantity and ignition advance angle were discussed in detail.

重点论述了该控制系统的构成、点火及喷油控制信号的生成方法，控制脉谱的制取过程以及喷油量、点火提前角的控制策略。

The courses offered in this program include political theory, foreign languages, numerical analysis, application of computer techniques, chemical structures of plant fibers, pulp preparation chemistry, pulp and paper making technology, computer simulation of equipment and processes, sugar science and engineering, sugar making technology and equipment, biochemical technology, microorganism enzymes, enzyme engineering, fermentation technology, biochemical engineering and control theory, biochemical separation technology, biological catalyst technology, leather processing theory and technology, leather cleaning technology and theory, leather testing techniques, synthesis and application of chemical leather products, thermodynamic processes in lig

研修的主要课程有：政治理论课、外语课、数值分析、计算机应用技术、植物纤维化学结构及其研究方法、制浆化学、制浆造纸工艺、设备及过程计算机模拟、糖品科学与工程、现代制糖工艺与装备、现代生化技术、微生物酶学、酶工程、发酵工程技术、生化工程及控制概论、生化分离工程、生物催化技术、皮革现代加工理论与技术、皮革清洁工艺及理论、现代皮革检测技术、皮革化学制品合成及应用、轻工真空设备的热工过程、轻工企业管理及产品质量控制等。

The desk adopts hydraulic pressure drive slipway; the self-motion cycle course uses PLC control, which combine the engine-electricity-liquid linkage to make operation easier and more convenient, wider and mort popular, division speed and precision higher, reduce labor intension and provide a condition to improve the efficiency, to create a condition of automation to finish the spline molding by the milling machine.

进给工作台采用液压动力滑台，自动循环过程采用了PLC控制，使得机-电-液联动控制有机地相结合，操作简单方便，通用性强，分度速度快、精度高，大大降低了劳动强度、提高了生产效率，为在铣床上完成花键成型过程创造了一种自动化的条件。

Working as the actuator of ABS, the hydraulic system is one of the most important parts in ABS control loop. The working performance of hydraulic system is affected by the responding ability of solenoid valves, the brake fluid's inertia, viscosity, and compressibility during the transfer process of hydraulic pipes.

在ABS控制回路中，起到执行机构作用的液压系统是最重要的部分之一，受电磁阀开关响应特性及管路传输过程中制动液的弹性、惯性、摩擦等因素的影响，液压系统的工作过程呈现明显的迟滞和非线性特征，这为ABS控制逻辑的设计增加了难度。

This paper describes the technical features, process principle and process flow of that technique, putting emphasis on the implementation procedure of hole position arrangement, measuring control, boring and hole completion, grouting sequence, pressure treatment and hole seal. It discusses key points of construction quality control, analyzes problems occurred during the construction and puts forward treatment measures.

文章介绍了袖阀管法注浆技术特点、工艺原理及工艺流程，重点从孔位布置、测量控制、开孔与成孔、注浆顺序和压力、封孔处理等方面介绍了袖阀管法注浆实施过程，论述了质量控制要点，对施工过程中出现的问题进行了分析，并提出了处理措施。

By controling the process of filling cross-tie well,determining reasonal structure of burden,controling time of filling,process of filling,intensity of burden strictly and choosing suitable compression ratio ,the time of filling was shortened and the precision of filling was raised.

济钢1750m3高炉采用枕木开炉方式，通过控制枕木填充过程，确定合理的开炉料结构，严格控制装料时间和装料过程及炉料强度，选择合适的压缩率，缩短了装料时间，提高了装料的精度，完成了各项布料测试项目，为高炉送风点火一次成功、顺利出铁提供了保障。

This Al -free 980nm pump laser have many merits, such as improved catastrophic optical damage level; no degradation due to oxidation of aluminium during fabrication process and laser operation, which is desirable characteristic for multi-step growth; lower electrical and thermal resistance with GalnP cladding; better carrier confinement with GalnAsP confinement layers; Selective chemical etching between GaAs and GalnP maks precisely control for fabrication of stripe geometry lasers.· Calculated the physical parameters of ternary and quaternary III - V compoundsby interpolation formulas based on curve fits or on a linear regression, such aslattice parameter, band gap, and refractive index.· Using luttinger-kohn Hamiltonian-based propagation-matrix method presentedby S.L.

这种无Al980nm半导体激光器可以提高激光器出现腔面损伤所需的能量，消除在生长过程和应用过程中由于Al的氧化而使激光器的使用寿命缩短的问题，便于激光器的多次生长；以GaInP为盖层可以降低电阻和热阻；可以精确的控制GaAs和GaInP之间的化学刻蚀，便于激光器几何形状的控制。

In this paper, the control factors of anaerobic digestion are discussed based on the summarization of present research literatures. The mechanism of the effect of pH and Eh on anaerobic digestion is analyzed with microbiology and biochemistry theory. The equation describing the effect of pH variation on Gibbs free energy variationΔGis derived using Nernst equation, and the specific control conditions in engineering are summed up according to the present research achievements.

在总结已有文献的基础上，讨论厌氧消化过程的控制因素，并利用微生物学和生物化学理论分析了pH值和Eh对厌氧消化过程影响的机理；利用Nernst方程推导出了描述pH值变化对吉布斯自由能变化ΔG的影响的方程式；并结合已有的研究成果，总结了实际工程中的具体控制条件。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。