过程控制

The construction process are multiple parameters (such as partial-top, arch axis and elevation changes, etc.) real-time monitoring system controlled by the large-span cable crane rigger arch beam, the system pegging Cable-Stayed deduction deduction for arch beam geometric precision and adjust successfully to a high-precision steel pipe arch-arch-long, concrete-filled steel tube ensures the integrity and stability, effective control of the construction process are arch axis geometric precision.

施工过程中多参数控制实时监测系统，采用大跨度的缆索吊机吊运拱肋梁段，斜拉扣挂体系扣定拱肋梁段并调整几何精度，成功地将钢管拱肋高精度合龙成拱，保证了钢管混凝土的整体性和稳定性，有效控制施工过程中拱轴线几何精度。

So we designed a adaptive synchronizing controller based on hereinbefore hardware environment: first a small magnitude reference signal r is outputted to system through the signal card (to ensure that the vibrating system works in a linear state), and this signal is sent to the moving coil of vibrator through the power amplifier, so vibration is produced through electromagnetic induction. Secondly the vibration signal can feedback to the data acquiring card in the servo system through the acceleration sensor on the Vibroseis reactor M〓 and the base-plate M〓, then the computer can get the current vibrating state y〓 of the coil of vibrator according to the feedback information from the data acquiring card, and give a real time comparing between the current state y〓 and the reference output y〓 of the set-in reference model with current reference input being r , then regulates the correlative controlling parameters according to the error e〓=y〓-y〓 till y〓→y〓, finally normal signal sweeping begins with a certain phase fixed. Meanwhile a synchronization signal for seismic signal record is sent to seismograph from synchronization signal outputting component in the Vibroseis system to perform the controlling process of synchronization of sweeping phases.

为此，我们基于以上的硬件环境设计了一个自适应同步控制器：首先通过信号发生卡对系统输出小幅度的参考信号r(从而保证振动系统工作处于线性状态)，信号通过前置放大器、功率放大器等送到激震器动圈，并通过电磁感应产生振动，振动信号通过可控震源激震器反应块M〓和基板M〓上的加速度传感器反馈给伺服系统中的数据采集卡，工控计算机根据采集卡的反馈信息，获取当前激震器动圈的振动状态y〓，并实时地将该状态与内置的参考模型在当前参考输入r下的参考输出y〓进行辨识，再将两者输出误差e〓＝y〓-y〓对系统的有关控制参数进行调整，直至y〓→y〓，最后在经过某一固定的相位后，开始信号的正常扫描过程，与此同时，由可控震源系统的同步信号输出部件向地震仪送出一地震信号记录同步信号，进而完成扫描相位同步控制过程。

A new auto-stepping scheme based on the curvature of the solution curve is proposed, with which the course of tracing the nonlinear solutions will become more reasonable and more efficient.

对增量-迭代过程当中的弧长控制方法和迭代方法分别进行了深入研究，取得的成果有：1）提出一种新的弧长控制方案，消除了以往方案存在的漏洞。2）提出一种基于解曲线曲率的自动走步方案，使得整个的非线性追踪过程合理化，从而极大地提高了效率。

In order to solve the problem of serious fluctuation of starting current in traditional control scheme, the author puts forward a new kind of starting method which can limit voltage value to achieve the goal of reducing fluctuation of the current by using zero voltage vector during the stage of starting.

文章分析了异步电动机直接转矩控制系统的工作原理及起动过程，针对传统控制方案存在起动电流波动严重的问题，提出一种通过在起动过程增加零电压矢量的方法限制电压值，达到减小电流波动的目的，对此进行了仿真研究，仿真结果表明该方法是有效的。

Preparation of the cathode includes:shaping under the press of 40Mpa, sintering at 550℃for 1 hour and at 900℃for 8 hours and threading with molybdenum bar; Considering the literatures we choose CaCl2 as salt for preparation titanium. Pretreatment of salt is for 1 hour at 100℃and for 2 hours at 300℃. Partial pressure of oxygen which need lower than 5.11×10-7Pa to reduct titanium oxides and hygroscopic property of salt need a sealed equipment to electrolyse. And finally successfully designed a satisfied one and the results show that the equipment can be satisfied the requirment of the experiment. Flow of the inert gas is 1.5L/min, the voltage is 2.8 V, temperature is 850℃and time is 2 hours during pre-electrolysis. Flow of the inert gas is 0.2L/min, the voltage is 3.1 V, temperature is 900℃and time changes with the mass of TiO2 during electrolysis, namely the greater need the longer time; To eliminate influence of salt and other impurities, the products need to wash with distilled water and dilute chlorhydric acid , then wash with dilute hydrochloric acid under supersonic wave assistant. Finally, electrometical properties of the electrolysis of TiO2 is researched by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, and results show that there are two main reodox steps, namely from TiO2 to TiO and from TiO to Ti.

阴极制备主要包括40MPa压力下模压成型、两段式烧结(1小时内升至550℃保温1小时，再1小时升温至900℃保温8小时)及烧结后TiO2块打孔用钼棒串接三个主要环节；实验中选用CaCl2作为电解熔盐，并对其进行预处理(100℃，保温1小时； 300℃，保温2小时)；经热力学计算，还原钛氧化物的氧分压至少要低于5.11×10-7Pa，结合电解过程中所用熔盐CaCl2有极强的吸水性的特点，电解装置应有较高的密封性，自行设计了一套密封性可靠的电解装置，便于实验过程中熔盐预处理和氧分压的控制；通过干燥处理预电解过程中Ar流量大约为1.5L/min、电压为2.8 V、温度为850℃、时间为2小时，电解过程中Ar流量大约为0.2L/min、电压为3.1V、温度为900℃，实验结果表明电解时间与TiO2质量密切相关，质量越大需要电解的时间越长；通过自来水冲洗—稀盐酸浸泡、洗涤—在超声波辅助作用下稀盐酸洗涤，可减少熔盐及其它杂质对电解产物检测结果的影响；最后，通过循环伏安法、计时电流法对电解机理的研究，确定电解还原TiO2制备金属钛主要经历了TiO2-TiO-Ti的过程。

The author analyzed total oxygen content, nitrogen content in steel made by typical process and the inclusion composition, change rule, morphology and distribution qualitatively and quantitatively by image analyzer, big sample electrolysis, SEM and energy spectrum analysis. The results showed that final inclusion form was small granule MnS, calcium aluminate, a small quantity of silicate and lumpy Al2O3. By intensifying deoxidation alloying process control in converter, argon blowing and slagging control and desulphuration and calcium reduction operation in refining course and overall-protection casting, the oxygen content was reduced by 20% above averagely, nitrogen content was reduced by about 10% and the inclusion content was reduced by 30%.

通过全O、N分析，夹杂物图像分析仪、大样电解、扫描电镜及能谱分析，定性和定量分析了典型工艺钢种钢中全O、N含量和工序过程夹杂物的构成、变化规律及形态、分布，分析钢中最终夹杂物表现形式主要为小颗粒的MnS、铝酸钙、少量的硅酸盐和块状Al2O3，通过强化转炉脱氧合金化工艺控制、精炼过程吹氩与造渣控制及脱硫和钙处理操作、全程保护浇注，钢水中O含量平均降低20％以上，N含量降低10％左右，铸坯中夹杂物含量降低了30％。

For thermodynamic and kinetic reasons, a relatively large number of materials can not be directively synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesistechnology. In addition, SHS process is generally difficult to effectively control. These limitations retard the further development of SHS technology. In this project, the imposition of an external electric field is utilized to activate self-sustaining reactions and to simultaneously control SHS process.

为了扩大自蔓延高温合成技术的合成材料范围，并实现对SHS过程的有效控制，本项目分别以反应热小和反应速率低的反应体系为对象，利用外加电场诱发了体系的自蔓延燃烧，合成了在普通SHS工艺下难以合成的材料；同时，将外加电场作为SHS技术中一个重要的工艺参数，同步实现了对SHS过程的柔性控制。

Based on the kinematic characteristics analysis of 3 degrees of freedom mobile robot with two drivable and steerable wheels and automatic driving experiences of experts, four sub-fuzzy tracking controllers are designed which realizes independent control of position between orientation of mobile robots to satisfy the desire posture requirements with the simplified fuzzy logic inference and shortened computing time simultaneously.

在平面目标跟踪过程中，将移动机器人跟踪的目标期望位姿分解为4种位置和方位组合，在分析总结了具有2个可操舵驱动轮的3自由度移动机器人运动特性的基础上，根据自动驾驶控制的专家经验知识，针对4种位姿的要求设计了4个子模糊跟踪控制器，这样大大简化了模糊逻辑推理过程，并减少了计算时间，实现了位置和方位的独立跟踪控制，同时满足了跟踪目标的位姿要求。

The temperature of oxidation process is controlled at about 90 degree centigrade while its about 50℃in the process of hydrolytic polymerization.

氧化过程温度控制在90℃左右，水解聚合过程温度控制在50℃左右。

In present practical industry process, most are nonlinear, multivariant and strong coupling plants, which math model often is difficult to get, so the utilization of the traditional decoupling control methods in its control is limited.

现代工业的生产过程大都是具有非线性、多变量强耦合的复杂工业过程，其数学模型往往难以建立，因此限制了传统解耦控制方法在其控制中的应用。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。