过程控制

Pole-placement and Inner model tuning methods are discussed finally;(2) For the linear derivative action, several different tracker-differentiators are presented to improve the quality of the derivative signals;(3) A neural network tuning method is given for the nonlinear PID controller which includes the above tracker-differentiator;(4) For the linear integral action, a nonlinear pre-phase integrator is studied in order to decrease the phase delay problem; Simulation results show that the nonlinear PID controller including the pre-phase integrator posseses better performance in both fast and stable property, and strong ability of anti-disturbance;(5) A simple optimal criteria is introduced to optimize the parameters of the nonlinear PID controller based on the pre-phase integrator.

仿真研究表明，由此形成的非线性复合积分PID控制系统，具有快速而平稳的过渡过程和超强的干扰抑制能力；(5)采用物理意义简单明确的目标函数的优化设计方法，对上述非线性PID控制器进行参数整定，达到了满意控制典型工业过程的目的。通过对直线电机伺服系统的仿真研究，表明该种非线性控制器具有同时跟踪多个目标的优越性能。

The static model of torsion joint is based on that of bending joint. The effects of structure parameters inside air pressure, initial angle, rube average radius, rube shell thickness on the turning angle are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the relationship between the angle of torsion joint and the inside air pressure is basically linear, the angle of torsion joint increases with the initial angle and rube average radius, the angle of torsion joint decreases while the rube shell thickness increases. The kinetic equation is built for torsion joint. Simulating experiment implies that the time of inflating and deflating process is extremely shorter than that of kinetic process. So the pneumatic process can be ignored in actual system design and control. The factors that affect the dynamic features of torsion joint, such as shell thickness of rubber tube, average radius, initial angle, connector's outlet area, moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient, are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the change of rube shell thickness has no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure while greatly affects the turning angle of torsion joint; when the rube shell thickness is small, the torsion joint has a bigger turning angle, no overshoot and long risetime, when the shell thickness is big, the turning angle of torsion joint is small, but has high response speed, overshoot and low shock; when the rube average radius increases, the turning angle of torsion joint increases and the overshoot increases too; when the initial angle of torsion joint is big, the turning joint is big, the overshoot is small and shock is low, but the risetime is big; the connector's outlet area affects the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure greatly, but has no effects on the dynamic process of turning angle; moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient have no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure, but affect the dynamic process of turning angle greatly.

在弯曲关节模型推导的基础上，建立扭转关节的静态模型，并分析了扭转关节内腔压力，初始转角，橡胶管平均半径，橡胶管壁厚等参数对关节转角的影响，得出扭转关节的转动角度与充入FPA内腔的压缩气体压力之间基本呈线性关系，扭转关节的转角随初始角度和橡胶管平均半径的增大而增大，扭转关节的转角随橡胶管壁厚的增大而减小的结论；建立了扭转关节的动力学方程，仿真实验表明FPA的充放气过程与扭转关节的动力学过程相比时间极短，在实际系统设计和控制过程中可以忽略不计；分析讨论橡胶管壁厚，平均半径，初始角度，气体节流口面积，转动惯量，粘性阻尼系数等因素对扭转关节动态特性的影响，得出橡胶管初始壁厚的变化对扭转关节FPA内腔压力的动态响应几乎没有影响而对关节转角的响应曲线影响比较明显，壁厚较小时，关节可以得到较大的转角，并且转角的响应曲线没有超调，但上升时间长，壁厚较大时，关节转角变小，响应加快，但是有超调和轻微振荡现象，橡胶管平均半径越大，得到的关节转角越大，但是转角响应的超调量也随之增大，FPA的初始角度越大，关节的转角越大，并且超调量减小，振荡减弱，但是上升时间增大，管接头出口面积的大小对关节FPA内腔压力的建立过程影响较大，但对关节转角的动态响应几乎没有影响，转动惯量和粘性阻尼系数对FPA内腔压力的动态过程几乎没有影响而对扭转关节转角有较大影响等结论。

This book gives a brief account of significance and historical development of quality control, emphasizes various types of control charts and acceptance sampling systems and procedures, and gives a brief and direct introduction of probability and statistics.

本书简要概述了质量控制的意义和历史发展过程，重点讲解了各种类型的控制图和抽样检验体系和过程，而对概率和统计知识的介绍非常直观和简单。

Analysis on the balance of the production capacity and its burthen focuses on the sewing process accordin...

通过性能的分析比较把最适合的优化方案运用于生产实践，在实践中动态的控制针织服装生产过程、质量和成本，得出现代针织服装生产过程管理、优化和动态控制的实用规则与经验，从而指导实际生产，提高企业的生产管理与市场竞争力。

The mechanism of carbonization process of aluminate solution was analyzed thermodynamically. The results show that the internal reason of precipitation of Al3 in the process is its spontaneous nucleation caused by supersaturation of aluminate solution. The behaviors of SiO2 in the process are in accordance with that from published experiment, which implies that the content of product SiO2 from carbonization depends on its solubility but is not the result of absorption. The thermodynamic calculation for forming Na2O·Al2O3·2CO2· n H2O was achieved.

摘 要：为对高浓度铝酸钠溶液碳酸化分解过程中产品杂质含量的控制提供理论依据，分析了铝酸钠溶液碳酸化分解过程的热力学，认为该过程中Al3析出的真正机理是过饱和铝酸钠溶液的自发结晶；而基于分解过程中平衡浓度的热力学计算表明，在碳酸化分解过程中SiO2的变化规律与公认的三段变化规律一致，说明该过程产品中SiO2的含量取决于它在溶液中的平衡浓度，而非吸附所致；同时还分析了丝钠铝石的形成热力学。

So, the paper brings out a feed forward cascade PID control method in order to optimize control process according to technological flow and control theory. It promotes the system stability and decreases the cost of the water process.

通过分析处理工艺流程及生产控制原理提出了前馈串级控制的控制方法，利用该控制方法对控制过程优化，提高了系统适应能力，降低了污水处理加药费用，同时保证了回注油田污水的质量。

The PID weight control system s structure of MK95 cigarette machine was introduced and the principle about the control system was analyzed, such as the check of weight symbol, PID parameter choice.

介绍了MK95卷烟机 PID重量控制系统的结构，对其控制原理进行了分析重量信号的检测、控制过程、削减盘电机速度控制、数字PID控制算法的实现、PID参数选择。

The PI controlling system with the ability of intelligent logic judging method, can decide to choose perfect controlling operations, according to the height of coal in the ball mill, entrance pressure and the exit temperature error, which can avoid to operate wrongly because of the inter-inference of different control.

带有智能逻辑判断功能的PID控制系统，采用智能逻辑判断方法，根据磨煤机入口负压及出口温度所处的偏差区域，确定应该采用的控制操作，可以有效地避免由于各控制过程之间的相互干扰而导致总体控制效果严重恶化甚至整个控制系统无法正常投入等问题。

In this paper, a tooth for milling tenon electrical control of the entire process, electrical components will be used to achieve the milling work tenon tooth path of automatic and manual control, selected relay - access control systems to accomplish this purpose, it has the advantage of Line intuitive, are most commonly used electrical appliances, the replacement of convenience, cheaper prices, through repeated experiments and demonstration confirmed by the use of electrical components can accurately on a milling machine tenon teeth effective control of the machine tools to improve the control of a certain value .

本文研究了专用榫齿铣电气控制的全部过程，将利用电气元件来实现对榫齿铣工作路径的自动与手动控制，选用了继电-接触系统来完成这一控制目的，它的优点是线路直观，大部分电器均为常用电器，更换方便，价格较便宜，通过反复的实验与论证结果证实所用电气元件能准确对机床榫齿铣进行有效控制，对机床控制的改进有一定的参考价值。

One new auto-optimized fuzzy control model of car-engines based on genetic arithmetic was introduced aiming at the problem that the parameters of car-engine are of the discreteness, the nonlinear and the uncertain characteristics, with which it is difficult to control accurately the excess air coefficient and the spark advance angle in dynamic procedure when using a conventional control model.

针对汽车发动机参数具有离散性、非线性和不确定性，采用传统控制模型难以精确控制瞬态过程的过量空气系数和点火时刻的问题，提出了一种基于遗传算法的发动机自寻优模糊控制模型。设计了实现该控制模型的嵌入式控制器，讨论了实时在线仿真基础上，采用遗传算法对模糊控制参数的自动寻优。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。