过程控制

This paper introduces the development process of wastewater disposal,its auto control system,the level of nowadays and several new techniques of China and foreign countries. The immanent structure,control rules,main features and design methods of auto control systems in wastewater disposal process are studied in this paper. Aiming at four typical parameters,such as temperature,dissolved oxygen,PH and the planes of water,the Distributed Control System is designed,composed by PC called epigyny computer and SCM 8098 called hypogyny computer,and some sensors,shift deliver utensils and related meet orifices of parameters gathering and figures communication. The idea and work processes of some program modules are also introduced here. The programs in epigyny computer include the program of mutual interface between operator and computer,figure disposal program and chart output program,which are exploited with Visual Basic 6.0. And the programs in hypogyny computer are composed by figure gathering program,the program of supervision and control of system,communication program and meet orifice program between assemble language and VB,which are designed with assemble language.

本文介绍了国内外污水处理及其自动控制系统的发展过程、当今水平和提高自动化程度的若干新技术；研究了污水处理自动控制系统的内在结构、控制规律、主要特点和设计方法；选取污水处理中的典型参数温度、溶解氧、PH值和液位等为控制对象，设计了以个人计算机为上位机、以8098单片机为下位机，并辅之以传感器、变送器及相关接口单元所构成的二级集散控制系统；介绍了几个主要程序模块的设计思路、工作过程，这些程序模块是：用高级语言Visual Basic6.0开发的上位机人机交互界面程序、数据处理和图表输出程序，用执行效率高的汇编语言开发的下位机数据采集与系统监控程序、上位机与下位机之间的数据通信程序，汇编语言与VB之间的转接程序，等等。

Detection means of the feeding coal are analyzed in the jigging process,and puts forward a fuzzy control system of the variable construction in order to control the feeding coal .

分析了跳汰过程给料量的检测方法，建立了一个变结构的模糊控制系统用以跳汰过程给料量的控制，系统由3部分组成：Bang-Bang控制、保持控制和模糊控制。

The experimental results show that the impeller with high ratio of circulation to shear is suit to be used in circulation control process, the impeller with low ratio of circulation to shear is suit to be used in shear control process, and the impeller with medium ratio of circulation and shear is suit to be used in circulation and shear co-control process.

实验结果表明，循环与剪切配比高的桨叶适用于循环控制的混合过程，循环与剪切配比低的桨叶适用于剪切控制的混合过程，而循环与剪切配比适中的桨叶适用于循环与剪切共同控制的混合过程。

Based on analysing the respective characteristics of regular PID controller in trational control theory and fuzzy logical controller in intelligent control theory, the idea and technique of expert system is introduced to develop a novel kind of hybrid intelligent controller. It can coordinate two kinds of control algorithms and tune the control parameters on-line for different working zones of the controlled process.(3) The hybrid knowledge expression model, which combines discrete state space model, fuzzy relational model and rule base model, is proposed based on analysing the characteristics of all kinds of knowledge expression models. The knowledge of the controlled process in different aspects can be expressed resonably by it. Based on the model mentioned above, the related optimization strategy for complex system is developed.

本文的主要贡献体现在：（1）以炼油厂的催化裂化装置和钢铁联合企业的大型焦炉装置两个典型的复杂工业过程为例，分析了工业大系统的许多不易控制的特性，并归纳了其中的几个典型特征；（2）针对经典控制理论中的常规PID调节器和智能控制技术中的模糊逻辑控制器各自的特点，通过引入专家系统的思想和方法，开发了一类混合式专家控制器，它同时具备在线协调两种不同控制规律和自动学习控制规则的能力；（3）通过分析各种知识表达模型的特点，提出了一类包括离散状态空间模型、模糊关系模型和规则基模型在内的混合知识表达模型，它能对过程知识在各个不同侧面给予合理的描述。

For the problem of precision and real time control in the process of sulfuration, a new control model is put forward.

针对硫化工艺智能控制过程中的精确和实时性问题，提出了一种基于人工智能的新型控制模型，并将硫化过程中出现的所有噪声统一为一种噪声模型——"泛"噪声，系统控制过程中对该噪声进行自适应学习。

Prepress production has been mostly digitalized because of the invention and developing of typesetter technology, computer to plate technic has digitalized platemaking process too, the appearance of digital press makes digitalization possible in printing process. For their characteristics, the traditional control strip can't be used in digital platemaking and printing, therefore, we should design PostScript printing control strip as a way to control quality during production.

激光照排技术的发明和发展使印前工艺过程已经基本实现了数字化，CTP技术又将制版工艺带入数字时代，数字印刷机的出现为印刷工艺进入数字化提供了可能，由于它们的作业特点，用于传统印刷的控制条无法作为其制版、印刷质量检验与控制的手段，这就需要我们设计出既能控制印刷过程又能控制制版质量的PostScript印刷控制条。

This text expatiated the control of the system requests, analyzing the work principle of the system with work process, gave each parts of hardwares design process and its related electric circuits, software design process, control the calculate way realizes flow chart, emphasized to explain the calculate way of PID in the single a work for on boardly realizing method, at the same time expatiating system characteristics, experiment proof this is a kind of economic practical forerunner control technique.

本文阐述了系统的控制要求，分析了系统的工作原理和工作过程，给出了各部分硬件设计过程及其相关电路，软件设计过程，控制算法实现流程图，着重说明了PID算法在单片机上的实现方法，同时阐述了系统的工作特点，实验证明这是一种经济实用的先进控制技术。

The fourth chapter talks about the weft carrier, in this part, we mostly introduce the big gripper shuttle in the comparative way and not only analyze the structure but also analyze the stress of the fatigable parts. In the fifth chapter, the shuttle box is our research emphasis, we start with the design principle and analyze its structure and the logic of the action of the parts. The sixth chapter discusses the shoot mechanism, builds its theory model and analyzes its law of motion from the view of kinematics and kinetics during the wefting. And then, we can consider the hydraulically shoot mechanism and comprehend its principle and some special parts. Subsequently, the content is about the flying of a shuttle, because the course of the flying of a shuttle is very complex, it is necessary to study the shuttle according to mechanics and to analyze its course of motion and its change of speed from the view of energy.

第五章谈的是梭箱，这部分从梭箱的设计原理入手，从结构的角度对梭箱进行分析，考虑到梭箱上各执行件间的动作存在一定的逻辑关系，还对执行件动作时间与控制作出论述，从中可以看出重型宽幅织机所独有的特性；第六章论述投梭机构，先构造出投梭机＿重型宽幅织机引纬机构与梭箱的设计＿构的弹性理论模型，从动力学的角度剖析投梭规律，随后分析液压式投梭的工作原－－理和一些特型元器件；第七章论述梭子的飞行运动，考虑到梭子飞行运动的复杂性，我们把梭子飞行运动划分为三个阶段，然后分阶段介绍其运动规律，在对梭子进行＿运动分析的同时还详细分析它的受力情况，在这一章的最后，我们对影响梭子飞行＿的因素也作出了讨论；顺沿这一过程，即是第八章对制梭机构的论述，在这一部分，、主要研究制梭过程与制梭力的情况，同梭子飞行过程一样，制梭过程也分为三个阶段，就每个阶段而言，我们都对其进行受力与运动方面分析，同时也就一些容易出现的问题作出讨论；最后两章是对纬纱交接机构和纬纱的退绕与张力控制作出讨＿论，鉴于这两部分不存在复杂的动力学方面的问题，论述重点便放在结构与原理的分析上面，包括分解纬纱交接机构，解析其动作过程，介绍储纬与纬纱张力的一些情况。

On the basis of mechanism of boiling sugar of cane and the basic elements and the experiences of boiling sugar, by analyzing the affection of the elements of the process of boiling sugar to quality of the sugar boiling, synthesize traditional control and advanced intelligent control, using PID control theory and the theory of fuzzy , Implement control to process of the complex physical and chemical boiling sugar of cane. Overall program was design for boiling sugar DCS control system.

在甘蔗煮糖机理和煮糖的基本要素和经验的基础上，通过分析煮糖过程中各要素对煮糖质量的影响并阅读了大量国内外文献资料，综合传统控制与先进的智能控制手段，运用模糊控制理论和PID理论，对甘蔗煮糖这一复杂的物理化学过程实施控制，并对煮糖DCS控制系统进行总体方案设计。

That is to say, during the starting process of induction motor, hold-off angle of current has gradually decreased from initial value to zero. The method can always make the displacement angle less than thyristor's firing angle. So the voltage of the induction motor won't oscillate. Therefore, the oscillation of current, electromagnetic and speed can be eliminated during the soft-starting process of induction motor. This paper verifies the correctness of the method by simulation at first.

根据上述原因，本文提出了采用关断角控制的新型控制策略，这种控制策略是使电动机在起动过程中的电流关断角由某一初始值逐渐减小到零，利用该方法可以使感应电动机起动过程中的续流角始终小于晶闸管的触发角，这样续流角的变化就不会引起电动机端电压的振荡，因而就从根本上消除了感应电动机软起动过程中的振荡现象。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。