过程

The Frechet derivative of the cost function is determined via the solution of an adjoint partial differential equation, and the boundary shape is then modified in a direction of descent. This process is repeated until an optimum solution is approached. The advantage is that the cost function variation is independent of the flow field variation, with the result that the gradient of cost function with respect to arbitrary number of design variables can be determined without the need for additional flow-field evaluations. So each design cycle requires the numerical solution of both the flow and the adjoint equations leading to a computational cost roughly equal to the cost of two flow solutions.

虽然他们的研究成果大多数都可以在公开性文献上看到，但是其中一些具体的细节问题的处理方法却没有透露，比如：伴随方程如何离散求解才能减小最终梯度计算中的误差，使得设计过程有效地进行；伴随方程与流动方程的边界条件是不同的，如何合理地处理伴随方程的边界条件，才能推动设计过程朝着设计目标而发展；在减阻问题中目标函数如何定义，求解梯度的具体数学公式如何推导，如何通过数值方法来实现它们等。

Base on the actual condition, we analyze the Doppler-radar detection data of a hail in Pingliang city on July 24,2007 during the field observation in Pingliang city, and then analyze the structure of three-dimension wind field , that retrieved from the Simple Adjoint method, of this system.

中文摘要根据实际情况，本文利用2007年6月-9月期间的平凉野外观测实验中观测到的一次冰雹过程（7月24日）探测资料，对个例的雷达观测结果进行分析，并用简单共轭方法对两次过程进行了三维风场的反演，分析了系统的风场结构。

If we want prevent wire-pulling, reinforce the diaphaneity in the adjudgment, the civil judgment should reflect the course of quote, query and attestation in the civil case adjudgment adequately.

在民事判决书中只有充分反映民事案件审理过程中对证据的举证，质证和认证过程，才能防止暗箱操作，增强审判的透明度，真正实现司法公正，达到改革的目的。

Bring this new theory into our administrational practice is a process of construction of service-type government.

建构服务型政府的过程就是将新公共服务理论运用於我国公共行政实践的过程。

The model was solved by the Ritz method, and the orthogonal polynomials generated by the Gram-Schmidt process were employed as admissible function for both disk and blades. With this approach, the matrix derived from kinetic energies becomes diagonal and numerical manipulation can become easy and stable.

采用Gram-Schmidt方法生成正交多项式作为李兹容许函数进行模型的离散化，简化了所得到的频率方程求解过程，有利於求解过程的数值稳定性，并可方便地通过对方程系数性质的分析了解结构振动模态的性质。

It is proved that cyst wall undergo the process of becoming thinner and thinner and break at last, the ciliatures grow gradually from the position of kinetosomes and adoral zone of membranelle is formed during the resting cysts differentiation .

在此基础上，本实验证实，在休眠细胞解脱过程中，包囊壁经历了一个逐渐变薄并最终断裂的过程，纤毛杆从残留的毛基体位置逐渐长出，口围带在休眠细胞解脱的后期形成。

This model was different from the classical TPD model in that the re-adsorption phenomenon of the adsorbate was taken into account.

与经典TPD模型相比，这种新的TPD理论模型考虑了脱附过程中存在的吸附质分子再吸附现象的影响，更接近实际的脱附过程。

That time on the part of consumers scheduled in a predetermined process, this is not the pre-sale, at the scheduled process, a number of customers willing to pay him some advance on this area, this is very simple, mainly two, a priority he could, we got the pre-sale procedures, he talks with us in advance of the price, and the signing of sale contracts.

那个时候部分消费者就预定，在预定的过程当中，这个预定不是预售，在预定过程当中，有一些顾客他愿意交一些定金放在我们这个地方，这个预定很简单，主要是两条，一条他可以优先的等我们拿到了预售手续以后，他预先跟我们洽谈这个价格，和签定预售合同。

Methods: A total of 427 bone fracture inpatients of adventive workers were randomly divided into test group (275 cases) and control group (152 cases).

认知疗法是通过改变人的认识过程和从这一过程产生的观念来纠正人们的心理障碍，矫正不良的情绪和不良行为［1］。

The process can be regarded as interactional process of afferent impulse in CNS, which indicates the interaction of requirement of body's structures.

这个过程其实是传入神经冲动在中枢内的相互作用过程，就是说机体中各个结构具有需求之间的相互作用的关系。

They go to town. Would you just ask them?

他们在城里你能问他们吗？

Ossein pretreated for a2 weeks period exhibited the maximum% yield incase of bone gelatin, while the yield from intact skin was higher than that realized incase of de-scaled skin.

预处理时间达2星期的骨胶原表现出最高的骨明胶百分产量，然而从未处理鱼皮中得到的产率比去鳞的鱼皮得到的要高。