过程

The analysis of effect of emergency plans was based on the rate of resource guarantee of each step. The rate of resource guarantee was used to express the effect of emergency plans approximately.

另一方面，使用网络计划方法来描述应急预案的实施过程，分析操作过程的合理性以及实施过程中可能出现的问题及原因，并在网络计划的基础上分析关键路线。

The new method integrated the processes of methane/steam reforming and coal combustion.

新方法将天然气/水蒸汽重整反应过程和煤燃烧过程整合起来，通过两个化学反应过程的耦合，发挥了天然气和煤的各自特点，实现了天然气和煤的高效清洁利用。

In winter, snow accumulates and melts fast in spring. Snowmelt flood and a summer flood display a double peak pattern of discharge route. In order to simulate the precipitation-runoff features in semi-arid regions, an Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction model with detailed energy and water transfer processes between atmosphere, vegetation and soil was used.

由于这些特点，在地表水量平衡的计算和模拟中，蒸发的估算十分重要，为此在植被-大气相互作用模式中对水文过程作了改进，模式中包含了大气-植被-土壤间的能量和水分传输过程，特别是半干旱区地表蒸发和植被的蒸腾过程作了比较细致的处理，考虑了蓄满和超渗两种产流机制，同时采用了一个简化的雪盖模型。

Analysing the characteristics of the technology equipment for making the rectangle spline broach and the data for the rectangle spline broach"s technological design, selecting a programme for realization CAPP systems which is based on the management by data base, this CAPP system is composed of these models: the model of calculating the semi-finished product"s dimensions, the model of filling the manufacture process form, the model of filling the working procedure

分析了矩形花键拉刀制造过程中工艺装备的特点及其工艺设计所需要的各种资料和数据，选用了基于数据库的后台管理模式的由毛坯尺寸确定、过程卡填写、工序卡填写、时间定额确定、过程卡导入、工序卡导入等模块组成的计算机辅助工艺系统实施方案。

An improved heating mode is also presented, which is useful for energy saving.3 Experimental investigation of a snow-melting systemA small-scale snow-melting experimental system is built successfully.

在融后过程中，建立了路面液膜蒸发过程的传热传质模型，并对各种气象条件下的液膜蒸发过程进行了数值模拟。

For thinner films, stacking faults are preferred in the scratch process, which increase storage capacity of plastic deformation in the film, and further inhibit the stick slip amplitude in the friction oscillation process. For thicker films, dislocation loops, which glide along slip plane downward to the grain boundary, dominate over the stacking faults, and finally dissipate on the grain boundaries. Since the intergrain stacking faults are inactive in thicker films, the stick slip phenomenon is similar to that in single crystal.

摩擦过程中易在较薄的薄膜表面和薄膜晶界之间产生穿晶层错，穿晶层错的产生增加了薄膜蓄积塑性变形的能力，从而抑制材料表面摩擦力在黏滑过程中的振荡幅度；在比较厚的薄膜中不易生成穿晶层错，在摩擦过程中位错环依次向体材料发射，并与晶界反应，湮灭于晶界，黏滑动摩擦响应与单晶相似。

The results showed that the three straight lines model could fit the soil shrinking and swelling characteristic curves well. The characteristic values of the curves were smaller than 1. This indicated that during the processes of soil swelling and shrinking, the change of the soil specific volume was smaller than that of the soil water content. Values of the geometry factors of four soils studied were equal to 1 at the beginning of shrinking, less than 3 and greater than 1 at other swelling-shrinking phases. The geometry factor values in different phases showed that soil swelling-shrinking was anisotropic and only subsidence occurred at the beginning of shrinking.

结果显示：三直线模型能够很好地拟合4种土壤的收缩、膨胀过程；土壤收缩、膨胀曲线各段的特征值均小于1，这说明土壤胀缩过程中土壤容积的变化速率小于含水量的变化速率；4种土壤胀缩过程中几何因子r大于1而小于3，且收缩初期几何因子r等于1，表明土壤的胀缩是各向异性的，并且在土壤收缩的最初阶段只有垂直收缩。

The forming process and the characteristics of plastic deformation, the sites of the heavily strained zones with severe thickness reduction and their evolution, the influences of the main processing parameters, such as the plastic melt pressure and its distribution from the gate to the end of the mold, and of friction coefficient between the sheet flange and the mold, on these during the hybrid forming of the aluminum sheet have been revealed by the updated Lagrange finite element formulation for the finite elastic-plastic deformation.

运用弹塑性大变形更新的Lagrange有限元方法，揭示了铝薄板的成形过程和塑性变形的特点与规律、大塑性变形区的产生位置及其塑性变形特点，探明了复合成型过程中塑料熔体压力及其分布规律以及铝薄板凸缘与模具摩擦系数等主要工艺参数对铝薄板成形过程和塑性变形的影响规律。

Mechanical manufacturing process, every change the shape, size production target, location and nature, make the finished product or process known as process of semi-finished products.

机械制造生产过程中，凡是改变生产对象的形状、尺寸、位置和性质等，使其成为成品或半成品的过程称为工艺过程。

Main points of the thesis are as follows:(1) The main function models and information relations between these models in the CAPP system in the integrated CAD/CAM project are explained, a new process plan design method is mentioned based on analyses of process plan design. This method is based on the process plan prototype, and develops the prototype little by little until the perfect process plan is completed, the prospect of this method is discussed;(2) The feature abstracting rules and methods are studied, a feature coding system is developed based on GT, all the defined feature models are described by the mathematical methods;(3) The integrated method of CAD/CAPP based on features is mentioned, this method defines a feature exchanging model, and develops an interface software to exchange design data into technology data base, this technology data base includes the design and technology information of the parts;(4) The process plan reasoning method based on features is created, this method uses Mycin algorithm to solve the reasoning of the feature process plan. A process plan making system is developed. In this system part process plan is made by the semi-intelligent method, this method uses the feature reasoning, feature process chain searching and man-computer talking together;(5) The main structure of the HOPE system is introduced, a shaft drawing and its process plan made by this system are shown, the data process problem in process drawing making is also discussed;(6) A new method of describing process rule is introduced, this method uses IfThen rules and neural nets weight values together to describe process rules, the BP algorithm is adopted in this method;(7) The optimal machining sequence problem of the process steps on the same fixturing is discussed, optimal algorithms SA is applied to solve this problem, the result shows that this method is more efficient than the traditional method;(8) All jobs in the thesis are summarized. In order to carry out the research in the future, some rational proposals are given.

全文论述的内容主要有下列几个方面：(1)较为系统地阐述了CAD／CAM一体化工程项目中CAPP系统的主要功能模块及其信息流程，在分析工艺设计过程的基础上，提出了基于特征原型的渐进式工艺设计方法，并探讨了该方法的应用前景；(2)研究了零件特征提取的原则和方法，在成组技术的基础上，开发了一套基于特征的分类编码系统，并在提取零件特征的基础上，定义了零件特征的数据模型，开发了基于轴类零件特征的参数化设计系统；(3)研究了基于特征的CAD／CAPP集成的方法，通过定义零件特征数据模型的存储结构，开发了将设计数据转换到工艺数据库中的接口程序，为后续的CAPP系统提供必要的零件形状和工艺信息；(4)研究了基于特征的工艺推理方法，将Mycin算法应用到工艺决策中，开发了基于特征的工艺推理及工艺方案生成系统，在系统中综合运用特征推理、特征加工工艺链查询及人机对话相结合的半智能化方法确定零件加工工艺；(5)介绍了整个HOPE系统的总体结构，通过运行HOPE系统绘出了一轴类零件的零件图，并生成了该零件的加工工艺方案，初步探讨了基于特征的工序图生成技术中数据处理问题；(6)研究了工艺设计过程中知识如何有效表示的问题，提出了将显式的IF-THEN规则表示与隐式神经网络权值表示相结合的工艺知识表示方法，并利用BP算法进行了工艺知识表示的初步研究；(7)研究了工艺设计过程中同一安装下工步优化排序问题，利用神经网络中基于模拟退火的理论来解决该工步优化排序问题，实践证明该方法较传统的算法具有更高的效率；(8)总结了本文所进行的研究工作，为今后进一步开展工作提出了较为合理的建议。

They go to town. Would you just ask them?

他们在城里你能问他们吗？

Ossein pretreated for a2 weeks period exhibited the maximum% yield incase of bone gelatin, while the yield from intact skin was higher than that realized incase of de-scaled skin.

预处理时间达2星期的骨胶原表现出最高的骨明胶百分产量，然而从未处理鱼皮中得到的产率比去鳞的鱼皮得到的要高。