过热的

The effect of Al on microstructure evolution of a hypereutectoid steel(0.97%C) during deformation of undercooled austenite was investigated by hot uniaxial compression tests.

利用Gleeble 1500热模拟试验机进行单轴热压缩实验，研究了合金元素Al对过共析钢缓冷相变和过冷奥氏体动态相变组织的影响。

The article covers the full research on such aspects as mathematic description, numerical analysis method and their practical applications. The diphase heating surface is divided into a hot water section, a evaporation section and a micro overheat section , the problems of model switching are avoided successfully between subcritical and supercritical working condition in the model of The diphase heating surface, and the model can be used for between subcritical and supercritical working condition without causing the model stiff infinity prick up problem. The mathematical model and dynamic characteristic account is unified and predigested for the diphase heating surface of once—through boiler under subcritical and supercritical pressure, and propose that the working conditions at phase change point could be used as divide criterion between water region and steam region under supercritical pressure, the problems are solved successfully between water and steam phase change point under supercritical pressure.

本文在过程的数学描述、数值分析以及实际应用等方面进行了系统的研究分析，将双相受热面统一划分为热水段、蒸发段和微过热段三段，所建立的双相受热面模型不但成功地避免了超临界工况与亚临界工况间的模型切换，而且消除了由区段划分欠妥所引起的模型刚性无限加剧的问题，统一并简化了超临界及亚临界压力下直流锅炉双相区段的数学模型和动态特性计算，而且提出了利用相变点工况作为超临界压力下划分汽水区域的标准，解决了超临界压力下水与蒸汽的相变点问题。

Based on the analysis of the mathematics models of saturation steam density and superheat steam density the paper states that the deviation of the detection on temperature highly affects the accuracy of intelligent flow totalizer.

文摘：在分析饱和蒸汽和过热蒸汽密度的数学模型的基础上指出，温度检测的偏差对智能流量积算仪的精度影响极大，尤其是饱和蒸汽，测温电路的精度应设计为远高于仪表的精度，同时引入一种基于比率法的高精度测温电路。

Because of strong thermal expansion mismatch between the glass matrix and β-eucryptite phase in NEGC, the micro structure of the glass - ceramics changed (e.g. formation of microcracks) with the variation of temperature environmental,resulting in thermal hysteresis.

因锂铝矽酸盐负热膨胀系数玻璃陶瓷中之玻璃母相与β–eucryptite相之热失配效应过大，导致基材於升降温过程结构改变，所引发的热迟滞现象十分显著，其间接影响热补偿元件应用寿命，故本实验另一研究为观察此基材中迟滞现象的变化。

The results indicate that the different thermal expansions and elastoplastic properties and distributed randomness of various mineral particles composed of oil shale will lead to the nonuniformity of thermal field , deformation field and stress field in heating process , which makes the particles of oil shale deform incompatibly : and the release of product pyrolysis results in irreversible damages of oil shale material and structure . These are the main reasons for the thermal fracture of oil shale .

研究结果表明：组成油页岩各种矿物颗粒热膨胀和弹塑性性质的不同及其分布的随机性，导致油页岩加热过程中温度场，变形场和应力场的非均匀性，使得油页岩颗粒间变形不协调和油页岩热解产物释放引起油页岩材料与结构性能发生不可逆的劣化损伤，这是油页岩发生热破裂的主要原因；热传导方式加热油页岩，温度的传递比较缓慢，加热井和生产井的间距不宜过大，对油页岩储层性质存在差异时，注热井应选择较高热导率的区段；油页岩的层理对油页岩地下原位开发形成渗透带至关重要，油页岩达到热解温度会产生附加的膨胀力，首先在层理处开裂，应充分利用油页岩层理赋存条件改造其渗透性。

The effects of six inorganic compounds, K2CO3, KOH, KCl, NaCl, MgCl2 and ZnCl2 were investigated on pyrolysis of cotton stalk by thermal analysis. The results showed that devolatilization occurred at lower temperature as the cotton stalk was treated by K2CO3 or KOH, whereas cotton stalk samples treated with KCl, NaCl, MgCl2 or ZnCl2 devolatilized at higher temperature compare with the untreated biomass.

通过热重分析实验观察K2CO3、KOH、KCl、NaCl、MgCl2和ZnCl2 6种无机催化剂对棉花秸秆热解催化效果的影响。K2CO3、KOH处理过的棉花秆与纯棉花秆相比热解发生在较低的温度范围，而KCl、NaCl、MgCl2和ZnCl2处理过的棉花秆热解发生在较高的温度范围。

So ,the temperature is quite essential for an engine to produce power .No engines can work well without suitable operating temperatures .If the engine runs too hot ,it may suffer form pre-ignition,while the air-fuel change is ignited prematurely from excessive combustion chamber temperature.Viscosity of the oil circulating in an over heating engine is reduced.Hot oil also forms varnish and carbon deposits may be drawn into the combustion chamber where it increases HC emission.This also causes poor performance and premature wear ,and may even result in engine damage.What is more,the behavior of the metals at excessively high temperature also differs from that at normal temperatures and can produce a condition in which the metal deforms slowly and continuously at a constant stress,If the engine runs too cold, the fuel will not vaporize properly.If liquid fuel reachees the cylinders,it will reduce lubrication by washing the oil from the cylinder walls and diluting the engin oil.This causes a loss ofperformance, an inrease in HC emissions, and premature engine wear.

所以，温度是很有必要的引擎来产生电力，没有引擎，可以工作，如果没有合适的操作温度，如果发动机运行太热，它可能遭受的形式预点火，而空气燃料的改变是点火过早过量燃烧室temperature.viscosity的石油流通的过度加热发动机是reduced.hot油价也构成了清漆和碳存款可能会被拖入燃烧室而增加hc的emission.this也造成业绩不佳和过早磨损，甚至可能导致发动机damage.what更重要的是，行为的研究金属在过高的温度也有不同，在正常温度下，可以达到的一个条件，其中金属变形速度缓慢，不断在恒应力，如果发动机运行太冷了，燃料价格将不会汽化properly.if液体燃料reachees气瓶，将减少润滑洗油从气缸壁和稀释器oil.this造成损失ofperformance ， inrease在hc排放，发动机过早磨损。

Because the sensors in the electromagnetic field are large, the temperature of the micro hot spot cannot be measured.

但在实际的应用中，对于谐振腔内部的电磁场分布和温度分布的测量是比较困难的，需要将多个感应探头放置于反应场中进行感应测量，而感应器本身的介入对电磁场分布和温度分布就产生了改变，并且宏观的感应器是不可能测试出微观中存在的局部点的过热现象。

By setting up the mathematical models of the regulating objects （combusting heat transfer, heat utilization and storage, superheater and main steam pipe line）, by combining heat transfer function of regulating system and by selecting method of setting PID accoding to set attenuation index object, the corrections among PID and pulverized coal＇s caloric values are found. Now the PID can be set according to caloric values of the pulverized coal burned in the unit and the automatic control can be put into operation.

通过建立调节对象四个环节（燃烧传热过程、热量的利用和储存过程、过热器、主蒸汽管道）的数学模型，结合调节系统的传递函数，选用按给定衰减指数设定PID参数的方法，找出PID参数与煤粉热值的关系式，最终达到在机组燃烧不同热值的煤粉时可依据该方法设定不同的PID参数、并都能投自动的目的，从而有利于提高机组的稳定性，并可节约煤粉。

Through an analysis of the electromagnetic force on the electric heated rod, the authors work out the equation for calculating the electromagnetic force on unit area of the rod, and indicate that radial vibration of 100Hz will occur when the rod is in operation, which have little effect on the strength and sealing of the rod owing to minor amplitude.

电热杆的交流阻抗远大于导线的电阻，因此主要发热体为抽油杆，可快速有效地加热杆外的原油，而导线不会过热，有利于导线的绝缘与保护。通过对电热杆所受电磁力的分析，推导出了抽油杆内表面单位面积上所受电磁力的计算公式，从而得知电热杆工作时将产生沿径向向外的径向振动，振动频率为100Hz。但由于振幅较小，这种振动不会对抽油杆的强度和密封产生明显的不利影响。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。