过热器

The invention relates to a light pumping system for all-solid laser, particularly a light pumping system for disc type laser, comprising heat sink, laser crystal, optical fiber, plane reflector, a first concave reflector, a second concave reflector, and a third concave reflector, and adopting a structure that the plane reflector is between the optical fiber and the first concave reflector, to make the LD and laser cavity on the same side of the laser crystal, thus reducing the packaged size of the laser; the invention fixes the plane reflector on the heat sink to reduce the inclined incident angle of the pumped light beam, thus the pumped light can be fully absorbed, and the invention solves the problem of pumping efficiency and largely reduces the bulk of the laser, beneficial to the all curing of the product and ensuring the cooling requirement of the laser crystal.

本发明涉及全固体激光器的光泵浦系统，特别是一种盘式激光器的光泵浦系统。包括热沉1、激光晶体2、光纤3、平面反射镜4、第一凹面反射镜5、第二凹面反射镜6、第三凹面反射镜7，本发明采用平面反射镜位于光纤与第一凹面反射镜之间的结构，使LD和激光腔位于本发明激光晶体的同一侧，从而减小了激光器的封装尺寸；本发明将平面反射镜固定在热沉上，使泵浦光束斜入射角减小，泵浦光则能充分吸收，为此，本发明解决背景技术采用第一凹面反射镜使泵浦光束斜入射角过大引起的像散，泵浦光斑变形引起泵浦效率降低问题，使得本发明可选用大面积半导体制冷器，避免使用水冷，则激光器的体积大大减少，有利于产品的全固化，保证了激光晶体的散热要求。

The importance of SPD disconnector was expounded,from the design requirements of disconnector s with various function,with emphasis on researching of its thermal protective function and overcurrent protective function.

阐述了SPD 脱离器的重要性，从不同功能脱离器的设计要求入手，重点对SPD 脱离器的热保护功能和过电流保护功能进行了研究。

A separated model is developed for the recirculating flow and heat transfer in a kettle reboiler tube bundle.

提出了釜式再沸器管束中循环流动换热的分相预报新模型，考虑了管束下部的过冷沸腾及循环液体的侧面引入。

In the power plant, utilize the steam draining out from the steam turbine to supply hot user with heat, heat lose in the vapor congealing device can be reduced effectively, make the thermal efficiency of the power plant improved.

在发电厂中，利用汽轮机中作过功的蒸汽向热用户供应热量，可以有效地降低凝汽器中的冷源损失，使发电厂的热效率得到提高。

In comparison with bugle shaped nozzle, bifurcated nozzle downward jet angle 45°, cow-nose nozzle and three-hole nozzle, in all, the last two are better than the former and bifurcated nozzle downward jet angle 45 is better than bugle shaped nozzle; Cow-nose nozzle is helpful for guaranteeing the product's quality, in order to protect jet flow from eroding the strand at narrow face, gain uniform temperature distribution at cross section and decrease heat flux, adding the block's width to 100 mm. Three-hole nozzle is advantageous to increase flux and casting speed, but should avoid weak shell thickness in the center broad. In the real production, setting the SEN's immersed depth or plugging the hole at the bottom can adjust the flow and temperature distribution in the mold.

对比喇叭形水口，双侧孔水口(45°)，牛鼻子水口和三孔水口，总的说来后两者优于前两者；而双侧孔水口(45°)又优于喇叭形水口；牛鼻子水口和三孔水口比较各有特点，前者对保证铸坯质量有利，为防止流股对窄面的冲击，增加挡块宽度到100 mm，可使结晶器横截面上温度分布更加均匀，降低窄面热负荷；后者对增加流量，提高拉速非常有利，但要防止中孔射流过强导致铸坯中心坯壳变薄，在实际生产中可通过控制水口浸入深度或塞住浸入式水口的底孔来调节结晶器中的流动与温度分布状态。

In comparison with bugle shaped nozzle, bifurcated nozzle downward jet angle 45°, cow-nose nozzle and three-hole nozzle, in all, the last two are better than the former and bifurcated nozzle downward jet angle 45 is better than bugle shaped nozzle; Cow-nose nozzle is helpful for guaranteeing the product"s quality, in order to protect jet flow from eroding the strand at narrow face, gain uniform temperature distribution at cross section and decrease heat flux, adding the block"s width to 100 mm. Three-hole nozzle is advantageous to increase flux and casting speed, but should avoid weak shell thickness in the center broad. In the real production, setting the SENs immersed depth or plugging the hole at the bottom can adjust the flow and temperature distribution in the mold.

对比喇叭形水口，双侧孔水口(45°)，牛鼻子水口和三孔水口，总的说来后两者优于前两者；而双侧孔水口(45°)又优于喇叭形水口；牛鼻子水口和三孔水口比较各有特点，前者对保证铸坯质量有利，为防止流股对窄面的冲击，增加挡块宽度到100 mm，可使结晶器横截面上温度分布更加均匀，降低窄面热负荷；后者对增加流量，提高拉速非常有利，但要防止中孔射流过强导致铸坯中心坯壳变薄，在实际生产中可通过控制水口浸入深度或塞住浸入式水口的底孔来调节结晶器中的流动与温度分布状态。

John Cena In case you forgot or fell off I'm still hot - knock your shell off My money stack fat plus I can't turn the swell off The franchise, doin big bid'ness, I live this It's automatic I win this - oh you hear those horns, you finished A soldier, and I stay under you fightin Plus I'm stormin on you chumps like I'm thunder and lightning Ain't no way you breakin me kid, I'm harder than nails Plus I keep it on lock, like I'm part of the jail I'm slaughterin stale, competition, I got the whole block wishin they could run with my division but they gone fishin -- with no bait, kid your boy hold weight I got my soul straight, I brush your mouth like Colgate In any weather I'm never better your boy's so hot you'll never catch me in the next man's sweater If they hate, let 'em hate, I drop ya whole clan Lay yo' ass DOWN for the three second TAN Yeah, uhh It's gon' be what it's gon' be Five pounds of courage buddy, bass tint pants with a gold T Uhh - it's a war dance and victory step A raw stance is a gift, when you insist it's my rep John Cena, Trademarc, y'all are so-so And talk about the bread you make but don't know the recipe for dough though Aimin guns in all your photos, that's a no-no When this pop, you'll liplock, your big talk's a blatant no-show See what happens when the ice age melt You see monetary status is not what matters, but it helps I rock a timepiece by Benny if any The same reason y'all could love me is the same reason y'all condemn me A man's measured by the way that he thinks Not clothing lines, ice links, leather and minks I spent 20 plus years seekin knowledge of self So for now Marc Predka's livin live for wealth

约翰Cena 如果你忘了或掉了我仍然热-敲你的shell关闭我的钱堆脂肪加上我不能把膨胀关闭此外，该公司的乐队大bid'ness ，我住这它的自动我赢了这一点-哦你听到那些喇叭，你完成一名士兵，我留你的领导下fightin 加上我stormin你chumps像我雷电不是没有办法你分手我的孩子，我比指甲加上我一直就锁，想我的一部分，监狱我slaughterin陈旧，竞争，我得到了整个块wishin 他们就可以与我司，但他们已经fishin --没有诱饵，孩子的体重男孩举行我得到了我的灵魂直，我刷你的嘴像高露洁在任何天气条件下我从来没有更好的男孩这么热你将永远不会赶上我在接下来的男子的毛衣如果他们的仇恨，让'时间的仇恨，我下拉亚整个家族躺在你'屁股下跌三秒谭是啊， uhh 这是坤'是它的坤'是 5磅的勇气好友，低音色彩裤与黄金 Uhh -这是一个战争舞蹈和胜利的一步原材料的立场是一个礼物，当你坚持这是我的代表约翰Cena ， Trademarc ，你们是马马虎虎谈论你的面包，但不知道的良方面团虽然爱民枪在您的所有照片，这是一个没有任何当此弹出，您liplock ，您的大Talk的公然没有出现看看会发生什么时，融化冰河时代你看到的货币地位没有什么问题，但它可以帮助余岩计时器的班尼如有由于同样的原因你们可以爱我是同样的原因你们谴责箱一个人的方式来衡量的，他认为没有衣物线，冰链，皮革和水貂我花了20余年seekin知识的自我因此，现在马克Predka的生存生活的财富完全直译过来的主要没看过这比赛没语感没法意译

So ,the temperature is quite essential for an engine to produce power .No engines can work well without suitable operating temperatures .If the engine runs too hot ,it may suffer form pre-ignition,while the air-fuel change is ignited prematurely from excessive combustion chamber temperature.Viscosity of the oil circulating in an over heating engine is reduced.Hot oil also forms varnish and carbon deposits may be drawn into the combustion chamber where it increases HC emission.This also causes poor performance and premature wear ,and may even result in engine damage.What is more,the behavior of the metals at excessively high temperature also differs from that at normal temperatures and can produce a condition in which the metal deforms slowly and continuously at a constant stress,If the engine runs too cold, the fuel will not vaporize properly.If liquid fuel reachees the cylinders,it will reduce lubrication by washing the oil from the cylinder walls and diluting the engin oil.This causes a loss ofperformance, an inrease in HC emissions, and premature engine wear.

所以，温度是很有必要的引擎来产生电力，没有引擎，可以工作，如果没有合适的操作温度，如果发动机运行太热，它可能遭受的形式预点火，而空气燃料的改变是点火过早过量燃烧室temperature.viscosity的石油流通的过度加热发动机是reduced.hot油价也构成了清漆和碳存款可能会被拖入燃烧室而增加hc的emission.this也造成业绩不佳和过早磨损，甚至可能导致发动机damage.what更重要的是，行为的研究金属在过高的温度也有不同，在正常温度下，可以达到的一个条件，其中金属变形速度缓慢，不断在恒应力，如果发动机运行太冷了，燃料价格将不会汽化properly.if液体燃料reachees气瓶，将减少润滑洗油从气缸壁和稀释器oil.this造成损失ofperformance ， inrease在hc排放，发动机过早磨损。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失