过热

The effect of Al on microstructure evolution of a hypereutectoid steel(0.97%C) during deformation of undercooled austenite was investigated by hot uniaxial compression tests.

利用Gleeble 1500热模拟试验机进行单轴热压缩实验，研究了合金元素Al对过共析钢缓冷相变和过冷奥氏体动态相变组织的影响。

To compensate the descent of pH for the heat-up, exalting the Tris-HCl buffer's pH can avoid the abscission of the purine and make the long sequence PCR go on smoothly. The GC-rich template's secondary structure is complex and stable. The organic reagent methylamine contributes to uncoil the secondary structure.The pfu DNA polymerase has more fidelity and thermostability than Taq DNA polymerase.

高GC含量使模板二级结构复杂而稳定，一般热启动难于解开，而变性温度过高、时间过长又不利于DNA聚合酶的活性作用发挥，于是借助能缓释模板二级结构的有机试剂甲胺扩增高GC含量模板。pfu DNA聚合酶比Taq酶有更高的保真复制性能和热稳定性，更有利于高GC含量模板的扩增。

Because of strong thermal expansion mismatch between the glass matrix and β-eucryptite phase in NEGC, the micro structure of the glass - ceramics changed (e.g. formation of microcracks) with the variation of temperature environmental,resulting in thermal hysteresis.

因锂铝矽酸盐负热膨胀系数玻璃陶瓷中之玻璃母相与β–eucryptite相之热失配效应过大，导致基材於升降温过程结构改变，所引发的热迟滞现象十分显著，其间接影响热补偿元件应用寿命，故本实验另一研究为观察此基材中迟滞现象的变化。

The results indicate that the different thermal expansions and elastoplastic properties and distributed randomness of various mineral particles composed of oil shale will lead to the nonuniformity of thermal field , deformation field and stress field in heating process , which makes the particles of oil shale deform incompatibly : and the release of product pyrolysis results in irreversible damages of oil shale material and structure . These are the main reasons for the thermal fracture of oil shale .

研究结果表明：组成油页岩各种矿物颗粒热膨胀和弹塑性性质的不同及其分布的随机性，导致油页岩加热过程中温度场，变形场和应力场的非均匀性，使得油页岩颗粒间变形不协调和油页岩热解产物释放引起油页岩材料与结构性能发生不可逆的劣化损伤，这是油页岩发生热破裂的主要原因；热传导方式加热油页岩，温度的传递比较缓慢，加热井和生产井的间距不宜过大，对油页岩储层性质存在差异时，注热井应选择较高热导率的区段；油页岩的层理对油页岩地下原位开发形成渗透带至关重要，油页岩达到热解温度会产生附加的膨胀力，首先在层理处开裂，应充分利用油页岩层理赋存条件改造其渗透性。

The results indicate that the different thermal expansions and elastoplastic properties and distributed randomness of various mineral particles composed of oil shale will lead to the nonuniformity of thermal field, deformation field and stress field in heating process, which makes the particles of oil shale deform incompatibly: and the release of product pyrolysis results in irreversible damages of oil shale material and structure. These are the main reasons for the thermal fracture of oil shale. When oil shale is heated through thermal conduction, temperature transfers slowly, so the spacing between heating well and production well should not be kept too long. When difference exists in oil shale reservoir's properties, heating well should be chosen in the high conductivity region. Oil shale's stratification is vital for developing permeation zone in in-situ retorting. Oil shale will generate additional expansion force as it reaches its pyrolysis temperature, and stratification will be cracked first, so the oil shale stratification should be utilized to enhance its permeability.

研究结果表明：组成油页岩各种矿物颗粒热膨胀和弹塑性性质的不同及其分布的随机性，导致油页岩加热过程中温度场、变形场和应力场的非均匀性，使得油页岩颗粒间变形不协调和油页岩热解产物释放引起油页岩材料与结构性能发生不可逆的劣化损伤，这是油页岩发生热破裂的主要原因；热传导方式加热油页岩，温度的传递比较缓慢，加热井和生产井的间距不宜过大，对油页岩储层性质存在差异时，注热井应选择较高热导率的区段；油页岩的层理对油页岩地下原位开发形成渗透带至关重要，油页岩达到热解温度会产生附加的膨胀力，首先在层理处开裂，应充分利用油页岩层理赋存条件改造其渗透性。

The nitrogen content in the product is affected by temperature, which is unfavorable in carbonthermic reduction and nitridation if it is over or below to 1420℃.

反应温度对产物的氮含量有重要影响，对于碳热还原氮化反应，过低或过高的温度都不利于反应进行，较适宜的温度为1420℃；而铝热还原氮化反应中，升温有利于提高反应速度，较适宜的温度为1460℃。

More experimental data of condensation heat transfer coefficient, especially ones obtained at some determined pressure of mixtures and concentration of noncondensable gases, are required in order to make a data bank. Therefore, the experiment is arranged for steam-air condensing on the outside of a horizontal smooth tube, and 405 data have been obtained for the pressure of the bulk mixture covering 0.1～0.5bar and the mass fraction of air 0.3%～10.0%.

得到了一些重要结论，尤其是首次得到了&同样含量的空气对压力较高的混合气体冷凝换热的削弱作用较小&、&蒸汽侧冷凝换热系数近似与空气质量成分的对数成正比关系&、&空气含量的增加对蒸汽侧冷凝换热系数的影响随壁面过冷度增大而减小&及&管内冷却水流速取值范围的上、下限随管外蒸汽侧空气含量的增大而减小&等结论，并验证了在本文实验范围内&蒸汽侧冷凝换热系数与相同温度下纯净饱和蒸汽凝结换热系数的Nusselt理论预测结果的比率随壁面过冷度增大而减小&的数值分析结论〓。

The effects of six inorganic compounds, K2CO3, KOH, KCl, NaCl, MgCl2 and ZnCl2 were investigated on pyrolysis of cotton stalk by thermal analysis. The results showed that devolatilization occurred at lower temperature as the cotton stalk was treated by K2CO3 or KOH, whereas cotton stalk samples treated with KCl, NaCl, MgCl2 or ZnCl2 devolatilized at higher temperature compare with the untreated biomass.

通过热重分析实验观察K2CO3、KOH、KCl、NaCl、MgCl2和ZnCl2 6种无机催化剂对棉花秸秆热解催化效果的影响。K2CO3、KOH处理过的棉花秆与纯棉花秆相比热解发生在较低的温度范围，而KCl、NaCl、MgCl2和ZnCl2处理过的棉花秆热解发生在较高的温度范围。

In fact, because of using some methods of predigesting or approximating and complexity of heat changing process etc. when design to form new-type heat exchanger, we must determine the actual heat transfer performance, also to the old heat exchanger.

实际上由于设计过程中采用某些简化或近似的方法，并且换热器换热过程的复杂性等因素，对于设计制造而形成的新型换热器必须测定其实际的传热性能，对于使用过的旧的换热器也需如此。

We proposed that the non-adiabatic passage at zero-crossings of quadrupole splitting would not lead to the great loss of the spin locking signals, and the second-order quadrupolar interaction had significant effects on triple-quantum coherences, which was responsible for the fast decay of the signals; the both experiments and numerical simulations supported this point of view.

另外，在该谱仪上还进行了四极核钠-23的自旋锁定效率的研究；从含时Shr〓dinger方程出发，提出了一个更为确切的四极分裂过零处的绝热通过判据，并指出四极分裂过零处的非绝热通过不会导致锁定信号的快速消失，四极相互作用的二阶项对三量子相干的影响不能忽略，它是引起锁定信号快速消失的原因；实验和数字模拟的结果证实了这个理论。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新