过渡类型

By using the method of space substituting time, alpine-cold steppe in different ages of enclosing was studied. We selected 4 flat plots with relatively uniform topography and enclosed time were 1-year old exclosure (E1), 3-year old exclosure(E3), 5-year old exclosure (E5), unexclosure. The grasslands were freely grazing pasture, grazing rate of 5.7 sheep / hm2. After enclosure, it was used as spring pasture, 5.7-grazing sheep / hm2. Unexclosure plot were 5.7-grazing sheep / hm2 in addition to the winter.

本文，运用空间代替时间的方法对不同围封年限的草地进行研究，结果表明：（1）随着围封年限的延长，天山赖草种群在群落中的地位逐渐弱化，优良牧草羊茅和紫花针茅种群在群落中的优势逐渐体现出来，群落由天山赖草+黄花棘豆群落类型逐步向羊茅+紫花针茅群落类型过渡。

The fracture mode transforms from the first to the last one in proper sequence as the aging process proceeds.

随着时效的进行，断裂方式由第一种类型依次向第四种类型过渡。

The representative families are Dryopteridaceae, Athyriaceae, Polypodiaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Selaginellaceae and Aspleniaceae. The main genera are Dryopteris, Selaginella, Asplenium, Arachniodes, Pteris, Allantodia and Plagiogyria. The top families' distribution types are cosmopolitan and pantropic ones, the main genera are pantropical ones, while species distribution type belong to the east Asia type and represents the feature of subtropics transition to warm temperated areatype. As for the order of closeness, the sequence of pteridophytes floristic relations between Songyang and the adjacent regions goes as Southwest China, South China, Central China, Japan, North China, Northwest China and Northeast China. The six upland pteridophytes next to Songyang can be put into the same natural flora because of its closest relationship. But compared with other 11 upland fern flora in China, fern in Songyang is not rich enough. There are 37 species endemic to China in Songyang.

结果表明，松阳蕨类植物共有38科72属161种7变种；优势科为鳞毛蕨科、蹄盖蕨科、水龙骨科、金星蕨科、卷柏科、铁角蕨科，优势属为鳞毛蕨属、卷柏属、铁角蕨属、复叶耳蕨属、凤尾蕨属、短肠蕨属、瘤足蕨属；科的分布以世界分布和泛热带分布为主，属的分布以泛热带分布为最多，种以东亚分布类型为主，特别是中国—日本分布类型最多，表现出亚热带向暖温带过渡的特点；本区与邻近地区蕨类植物区系关系的密切程度由大到小依次为西南、华南、华中、日本、华北、西北、东北；与邻近的6个山地蕨类植物区系的亲缘关系密切，可以划为同一自然区；与国内11山地蕨类植物区系相比，松阳的蕨类植物丰富程度不高；松阳拥有37种中国特有蕨类植物及一些珍稀蕨类植物，有较高的保护价值。

Sympegma regelii community, a rangeland desert vegetation, has the highest Shannon-Winner species diversity indices (1.706); the communities of Haloxylon ammodendron and Ephedra przewalskii, which have obvious feature of desert vegetation, are in the middle in species diversity indices (0.875-0.890); the communities of Calligonum mongolicum, Populus euphratica, Tamarix ramosissima and Glycyrrhiza inflata, characterized by desert forest of which saline desert bushes and saline meadows are scattered in the communities, have lowest value of the species diversity indices (0.079-0.495). 3 The structure of desert plant community is dominated by the bush layer. The species diversity indices of bush layer (0.769-1.451) is much higher than that of herb layer (0.193-0.254), and the diversity in herb layer is strongly influenced by bush layer. 4 The species diversity of desert plant communities shows a gradient of change with respect to longitude, latitude and elevation. For example, rangeland plant Sympegma regelii, with a high level of diversity indices (1.706), is in transition to desert plants Haloxylon ammodendronn community (with a low level of diversity indices of 1.379) in a longitude gradient and to saline Tamarix ramosessima community (with a low level of diversity indices of 0.376) in a latitude gradient. Calligonum mongolicum community, with a low level of species diversity (0.819), is in transition to Ephedra przewalskii (with a low level of diversity indices of 0.890) and Haloxylon ammondendron community (with the diversity indices of 0.645) in an elevational gradient.

群落Shannon-Wiener物种多样性水平表现为合头草群落最高(1.706)，具有草原化荒漠植被类型的成分；梭梭群落、膜果麻黄群落居中(0.875~0.890)，荒漠植被类型特征明显；沙拐枣群落、胡杨群落、多枝柽柳群落、胀果甘草群落较低(0.079~0.495)，荒漠林、盐地沙生灌丛及盐化草甸植被均有零星分布。3荒漠植物群落结构层次中，灌木层占居主导地位，群落灌木层物种多样性水平(0.769~1.451)远远大于草本层(0.193~0.254)，且草本层物种多样性受灌木层影响较大。4荒漠植物群落物种多样性分布格局表现为经向、纬向和海拔梯度的变化，经向、纬向变化为物种多样性水平较高的草原化植物合头草群落(1.076)向物种多样性水平较低的荒漠植物梭梭群落(1.379)和盐化植物多枝柽柳群落(0.376)的过渡，海拔梯度则呈现低水平的沙拐枣群落(0.819)到高水平的膜果麻黄群落(0.890)向低水平的梭梭群落(0.645)变化。

Studies of longitudinal and horizontal distribution of coal reservoir ,macroscopic petrographic types,microcosmic petrographic component,pore configuration and permeability,vitrinite reflectance as well as absorbability in coal-bearing formation of Neopaleozoic in Shenmu area of the Ordos Basin indicate that,coal beds are thicker in the east and west,but thinner in the north and south.

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地神木地区上古生界含煤岩系中煤储层的纵横向分布、宏观煤岩类型、微观煤岩组分、孔隙结构与渗透性、镜质体反射率和吸附性能等方面特征的研究，认为：煤层总厚呈东西厚、南北薄的分布特点，煤层厚度满足煤层气开发的要求；多为半亮煤，仅东部边缘地带以半暗煤为主，表现为低含水、中等灰分含量和高挥发分含量的烟煤；煤岩显微组分中，镜质组含量最高，其次为惰质组；孔隙类型以微孔、过渡孔为主。

Dynamic evolution analysis of the sandy desertification in the Shenmu area , North Shaanxi, China;2. The stratigraphic order characteristics of coal-bearing strata in the Lower and Middle Jurassic in Shenmu area , North Shaanxi;3. Studies of longitudinal and horizontal distribution of coal reservoir,macroscopic petrographic types,microcosmic petrographic component,pore configuration and permeability,vitrinite reflectance as well as absorbability in coal-bearing formation of Neopaleozoic in Shenmu area of the Ordos Basin indicate that,coal beds are thicker in the east and west,but thinner in the north and south.

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地神木地区上古生界含煤岩系中煤储层的纵横向分布、宏观煤岩类型、微观煤岩组分、孔隙结构与渗透性、镜质体反射率和吸附性能等方面特征的研究，认为：煤层总厚呈东西厚、南北薄的分布特点，煤层厚度满足煤层气开发的要求；多为半亮煤，仅东部边缘地带以半暗煤为主，表现为低含水、中等灰分含量和高挥发分含量的烟煤；煤岩显微组分中，镜质组含量最高，其次为惰质组；孔隙类型以微孔、过渡孔为主。

As a result,the venations of Mylabris Fabricius were tentatively classified into three types as follows:Southern type,represented by Oriental species,wing dark brown with a lot of folds,veins stout and highly sclerotic;Plateau type,represented by Qingzang Plateau endemic species,wing ivory-white and semitransparent,only the large cell enclosed by costal margin and MP_ 1+2 obvious;and Northern type,as the transition between the former two types,represented by Palearctic species,wing brown,veins clear and moderately sclerotic.

研究结果将斑芫菁属翅脉归纳为3种类型：1南方型：东洋种，翅深褐色，各脉粗大，骨化程度高，皱褶多而明显；2高原型：青藏高原特有种，翅乳白色，半透明，仅前缘和MP1+2形成明显的大翅室，余脉淡而不显，骨化程度低；3北方型：为以上两种类型的中间过渡，古北种，翅褐色，各脉清晰，中度骨化。

As a result, the venations of Mylabris Fabricius were tentatively classified into three types as follows: Southern type, represented by Oriental species, wing dark brown with a lot of folds, veins stout and highly sclerotic; Plateau type, represented by Qingzang Plateau endemic species, wing ivory-white and semitransparent, only the large cell enclosed by costal margin and MP(subscript 1+2) obvious; and Northern type, as the transition between the former two types, represented by Palearctic species, wing brown, veins clear and moderately sclerotic.

研究结果将斑芫菁属翅脉归纳为3种类型：l南方型：东洋种，翅深褐色，各脉粗大，骨化程度高，皱褶多而明显；2高原型：青藏高原特有种，翅乳白色，半透明，仅前缘和MP(下标 1+2)形成明显的大翅室，余脉淡而不显，骨化程度低；3北方型：为以上两种类型的中间过渡，古北种，翅褐色，各脉清晰，中度骨化。

The researches show that fan delta, alluvial plain, delta, lacus and sublacustrine fan develop, each sedimentary facies are divided into several subfacis again. The probability cumulative grain size curves incude "uphill arched arc" pattern, one segment pattern, bi-segment pattern, tri-segments pattern, multi-segments pattern, complicated bi-segment pattern, complicated tri-segments pattern,"low slope multi-segments" pattern,"high slope multi-bouncing population-one suspension population" pattern,"high slope multi-bouncing population-one suspension population-transitional zone" pattern,"high slope and multi-bouncing population" pattern,"broadly uphill arched arc" pattern and so on, each subfacis has own peculiar probability cumulative grain size curves.

研究表明，该地区发育的沉积相有扇三角洲、冲积平原、三角洲、湖泊、湖底扇，每一种沉积相又分为几种沉积亚相类型；该地区碎屑岩的粒度概率累积曲线特征主要包括：&上拱弧形&式、一段式、两段式、三段式、多段式、复杂两段式和复杂三段式、&低斜多段&式、&高斜多跳一悬&式和&高斜多跳一悬夹过渡&式、&高斜多跳&式、&宽缓上拱&式等，每种沉积亚相类型对应其独特的粒度概率累积曲线特征。

By using of on the large-scale test flat and giving the control of ground subsidence curves, the results of large-scale tests of two different abutments (gravity type and cross brace type), which were treated with Geocell wedged-shaped flexible slab, were analyzed. The adaptability to ground subsidence and active property of Geocell Wedged-shaped Flexible Slab were achieved.

首次利用大比尺模型试验平台，结合给出的地基沉降控制曲线，对砂砾填料下土工格室楔形柔性搭板处治两种不同桥台类型之路桥过渡段的大比尺模型试验结果进行了对比研究，对两种桥台类型中土工格室楔形柔性搭板的作用性状及对地基沉降的适应性进行了分析，论文研究成果为该技术的进一步应用打下了坚实基础。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。