过渡态

However, deoxygenation induced further reduction of these metal ions at high temperatures.

过渡金属在二氧化锆基质中的氧化还原特性与其d轨域之电子组态有关，过渡金属具有d5或d10电子组态者(如Mn2+， Fe3+， Cu+，及Zn2+)具有高稳定性能阻绝低温锻烧(~550 °C)时去氢氧化所引发的还原反应，然而高温引发的去氧化可提供更高的还原力，因此这类过渡金属在高温锻烧后(~950°C)将继续还原成低价的物种。

Within the O(6) limit of s\|d IBM1,the effective three\|body potential between the interactions of d \|bosons is introduced with the consideration of octupole states ,which are produced by a f\| boson plus ( N-1) s\|d \|Then the analytic expressions of negative parity energy spectrum formula is obtained.

在s dIBM1的O(6 )极限下，引入d玻色子之间相互作用的等效三体势，考虑f玻色子产生的八极态，导出了负宇称态能谱解析表达式，并对过渡区118，12 0 Xe和12 4 ，12 6，12 8，13 0 Ba 6个偶偶核的负宇称带进行了能谱计算，得到了与实验能谱符合很好的结果，然后用Staggering指数定量分析了负宇称态能谱中的Staggering现

In this thesis, firstly, some main models have been checked on their accuracy, and the reliability of MACORS code has been verified by the RELAP5/MOD2 code on five transient conditions for QSNP: loss of flow; loss of offsite power; incontrollable control rod withdrawal; the feed-water temperature increasing and the feed-water lost. The results obtained are very satisfactory. Secondly, MACORS is used to calculate the operating and accident transients for QSNP, and the analysis results are significant to real engineering. And finally for MNRS, MACORS is used to simulate the steady-state natural circulation heat-removed capacity and the transient behaviors from forced circulation to natural circulation. Some important conclusions are obtained by the analysis results.

本论文首先从各方面对核动力系统中最主要的、热工水力特性最复杂的反应堆和蒸汽发生器进行单独验证和理论分析，其次分别利用RELAP5/MOD2程序和MACORS程序对秦山核电站的双环路失流、全厂断电、反应性事故引入、主给水参数变化及丧失主给水五种瞬态工况进行了计算，结果符合很好，从而证明了本程序模型的准确合理性，选择数值方法的有效性和编制程序的正确性；尔后，利用MACORS程序对秦山核电站的多种运行及事故瞬态进行了分析，得出了具有工程价值的结论；对船用核动力装置的稳态自然循环载热能力以及相应参数的特性、强迫循环与自然循环的过渡工况等进行了仿真分析，所得结论对我国核动力船舶的设计，运行以及安全审评具有重要的意义。

The results showed that adding Sc to the alloy could cause the transformation of phase structure and the composition of the pre-separation phase in the transitional region of the quintary alloy.

6Al10Ti5五元锆基块体非晶态合金在非晶态-晶态过渡区中先析相的相结构及组织形态。

The AES result shows the interface of the two layers in the annealed sample interpenetrated, forming a transition layer.

通过AES对制备态和退火态薄膜的分析，发现退火态的两层膜界面相互渗透，形成了界面过渡层。

Results showed that the overland flow pattern has close relationship with the grass cover and water inflow rate, it changed from the laminar and tranquil flow to the transition flow and tranquil flow for the grass-covered sloping segment with increasing water inflow rate, but it was almost transition flow and tranquil or rapid flow for the sloping segment without grass cover.

结果表明，坡面流流态与放水流量和草被覆盖关系密切，随流量的增大草被覆盖断面坡面流流态由层流－缓流转变为过渡流－缓流，而无草覆盖断面的流态几乎都处于过渡流－缓流或急流状态；沟坡径流大都属于过渡流－急流状态，试验过程中，草被覆盖断面的径流雷诺数和弗汝德数变化很小，无草被覆盖断面径流的雷诺数呈逐渐增加趋势，而弗汝德数呈逐渐减小的变化趋势。

The analysis of decomposition mechanisms of the catalyst surface revealed that one of the mechanisms is that activated gas phase O2 captures the hydrogen of the organic pollutants to produce free radicals, which then initiate the catalytic reaction, and produce CO2 and H2O ultimately; and the other mechanism is that the activated organic compounds attack the crystal lattice oxygen, which reduces the valances of the transition metals, then the oxidant of the oxygen oxidizes the transition metals to high valances, which realize the self oxidation-reduction of the catalyst.

催化剂表面有机物降解的机理分析表明，一种反应机理为气相中的O2活化后直接夺取有机污染物的氢，产生自由基，并引发催化反应，最终生成CO2和H2O；另一种反应机理为活化后的有机物直接进攻催化剂的晶格氧，并且使得过渡金属由高价态变为低价态，反应气中的O2再将低价态的金属氧化为高价态，实现催化剂自身的氧化还原循环。

In our study, multiple temperature-independent points and accompanying oscillations are observed in the longitudinal resistivity between the low-field insulator and the quantum Hall liquid. The amplitudes of these oscillations can be well described by conventional Shubnikov-de Haas theory, and our experimental results therefore support the existence of an intermediate metallic regime between the low-field insulator and quantum Hall liquid.

在此研究中，我们发现在低场的绝缘态与高场的量子霍耳态之间，纵向电阻率有多个不随温度变化的交点，而此交点所在的位置与其所伴随振荡的振幅可以利用Shubnikov-de Haas 理论解释，因此由我们的实验结果可以看出，在低场绝缘态与高场量子霍耳液体态之间，的确存在一个过渡的金属态。

The facts influencing the high stereoselectivity were discussed. It is proposed that the stability of the tri- molecular transition state or the stereoelectronic effect of the vinyl anion intermediate formed by the nucleophilic addition of halide anion to the electron-deficient carbon- carbon triple bond might be responsible for the high Z-stereoselectivity.

通过对影响反应的高立体选择性因素的研究，认为反应的三分子过渡态的稳定性或生成的烯基负离子中间体的立体电子效应决定了反应的高度Z立体选择性。

Furthermore, the effects of ligands, metal and reaction time on the reaction were also researched, and the process of new ligand-metal catalysis for Diels-Alder reaction was also analyzed according to Evans" square planar mode and Corey"s tetrahedral manner.

我们对影响配体对映选择性能的各种因素，如配体结构、金属离子、反应时间等进行了研究，而且根据Evans的平面四方形模式与Corey的四面体过渡态理论为新配体—金属配合物催化的该反应提出了可能的反应机理，并对产物的优势构型作了理论分析。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失