过渡态

A new switching scheme to the gain of variable structure control signals is proposed. The following important open problems in standard VS-MRAC and MRAC are solved by using the scheme: 1 . a prespecified transient and steady-state performance index for tracking error can be achieved without requiring any information about the plant high frequency gain sign when relative degree of modelled part of plant is one, and 2 . it is shown that as long as the performance indexes are guaranteed for the auxiliary errors, each of which in dynamics is a sub-system with relative degree one, the tracing error will converge to a small residual set in a prespecified transient time when relative degree of modelled part of plant is greater than one.

提出了一种控制增益可切换的变结构自适应律，解决了如下变结构模型参考自适应控制（包括基于调参律的模型参考自适应控制）理论研究中长期没有解决的问题：当对象建模部分相对阶为1、高频增益符号未知且存在非线性输入扰动和未建模动态等情况下，系统跟踪误差可满足预先给定的动态和稳态性能指标；当对象建模部分相对阶大于1且存在非线性输入扰动和未建模动态时，可保证系统跟踪误差在预先给定的过渡过程时间内收敛到一个残差集中； 5。

Thereby we can save a great deal of engineering quantity and improve the rate of building progress. But, there is the mixed free-surface-pressure flow in the tail tunnels with sloping ceiling and big pressure in the hydraulic transient process. It is bad to hydropower stations of its safe and steady function.

但是，变顶高尾水洞内存在较为复杂的流态明满交替流，使水电站过渡过程中可能产生较大的压力脉动，对水电站的安全稳定运行存在一定影响。

All the atomic shells for the examined atoms are shown and the """"""""reasonable"""""""" electron numbers are given. Especially for atomic subshell and shell structure of transition elements are correctly predicated. This theory provides uniform and objective criterion for shell structure of isolated atom, and the intrinsic and theoretical basis for the shell structure given by other methods. This theory provides a kind of new method for describing the atomic shell structure.

该理论可以揭示原子的全部壳层结构，产生基本合理的电子数，尤其是正确的预示了原子的亚壳层结构和过渡元素的壳层结构；依据该理论所确定的原子内禀壳层结构为孤立原子的壳层结构提供了统一的客观标准，为其它方法所确定的壳层结构提供了内在的理论依据；原子内禀壳层结构理论为度量孤立原子中处于束缚态下电子排布的壳层结构，提供了清晰的物理图像，为描述原子的壳层结构提供了一种新方法和新理论。

The greenstone belt is a typical volcanic-sedimentary formation formed by metabasic-acid volcanic rocks and partly metasedimentary rocks. The bimodal volcanic rocks are mainly tholeiite, which transforms upward into calc-alkali volcanic rock series.

绿岩带为典型的变质基性－酸性火山岩及部分变质沉积岩系构成的火山-沉积建造，火山岩以拉斑玄武岩为主，向上过渡为钙碱性火山岩系列，表现为双峰态型特点。

The interaction of these chalcone derivatives, DMAC-CD with transitional metal ions were studied by steady state and time-resolved fluorescence spectral techniques.

利用稳态荧光和时间分辨荧光技术研究了该类查尔酮衍生物以及上述查尔酮修饰的环糊精衍生物与过渡金属离子间的相互作用。

When doping the first periodic transition elements in TiO〓, the relationships between the photocatalytic activities and the ratio of electronic affinity energy to the ionic radius and the ionic magnetic moment of heteratomic ion were studied.

通过第一过渡系元素对纳米TiO〓光催化剂的掺杂，发现催化活性与掺杂元素的稳定氧化态的电子亲和势Ea与离子半径r的比值Ea/r有顺应关系，该比值越大，催化活性越低。

Because of lots of space voltage vectors are used impliedly to compose this algorithm, the THD of motor phase current, the ripple of stator flux and torque are lower, and then the drive system torque response can be more quick.

在此基础上分析多相感应电机矢量控制系统和直接转矩控制系统的稳态机械特性和动态转矩过渡过程，用来全面分析、比较这两种高性能控制方法的性能，研究二者的内在联系。

Pure inorganic ladderlike polyhydrosilsequioxane was prepared by the way of subsection hydrolysis.

第二部分超常价态过渡金属Ni引发接枝聚合的研究本论文第四章主要研究了利用二过碘酸合镍Ni为引发剂于碱性条件下在纤维素上接枝丙烯酸甲酯，接枝以后的共聚物显示了很好的热稳定性和抗潮性。

For example,the addition reaction with small molecular,the metathetical reaction with alkynes and Wittig reaction to prepare high-valent transtion-metal allenylidene complexes.

对于化合物11，详细研究了其与小分子加成反应、炔烃复分解反应以及通过Wittig反应制备高价态过渡金属丙二烯基卡宾化合物。

Transient responses of the tiltrotor during the transition flight are calculated aiming at semispan soft-in-plane tiltrotor models with the elastic wing.

以半展长弹性机其全铰接式倾转旋翼机模型为例，分析倾转旋翼机倾转过渡飞行瞬态响应时间历程。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失