过失

Commencing from the basis of carrier's liability established in Hague Rules, this paper analyzes the relation between the ship interests'fault and general average contribution in conjunction with an introduction of the respective judicial practices and doctrines in United Kingdom, United States and China in this respect together with the understanding as to Rule D of York-Antwerp Rules 1974, and therefore concludes as follows:(1) No contribution may be collected from cargo where the general average was occasioned by the ship interests'fault, whether exemptible or actionable.

本文从《海牙规则》所确立的船东责任制度出发，结合英美两国及我国的司法实践和观念以及对《1974年约克-安特卫普规则》的规则D的理解，针对船方的过失与共同海损分摊之间的关系进行了探讨，并得出如下结论： 1、无论船方的过失是否可以根据法律或合同予以免责，只要该过失使得共同海损行为成为必要，船方就无权要求货方参与分摊。

The Convention rescinds the statutory presumption of fault and at the same time establishes the proportional fault rule.

它废除了在过失标准判断上的法律推定过失原则，确立了在碰撞责任认定方面的过失比例原则。

Prima facie is often confused with res ipsa loquitur ("the thing speaks for itself"), the common law legal doctrine which in its modern incarnation allows a tort plaintiff to reach the jury on the question of a defendant's negligence, despite the plaintiff's failure to produce any evidence explaining exactly how the defendant was negligent, by establishing circumstantial evidence from which unspecified negligence by the defendant can fairly be inferred.

Prima facie经常被与resIpsaloquitur这个法律术语相混淆。后者作为普通法中的一个法律原则，在现代的翻版就是允许一个侵权案件中的原告就被告的过失出现在陪审团的面前。尽管原告不能提供任何可以准确地说明被告人是怎样的过失的，但是通过建立起来的情境证据，被告不是很确定的过失就会被很好地推论出来了。

On the basis of comparative analysis on Bona fides and No fault. Mala fides and fault,this essay holds that Bona fides and No fault are consistent in essence with a few fine distinction;Aolus and culpa lata can form Mala fides,but culpa levis and culpa levissima can't.

在对善意与无过错、恶意和过错的比较分析的基础上，本文认为善意和无过错本质是一致的，但存在细微差别：故意和重大过失可以构成恶意，轻过失和稍微过失不构成恶意，其中也试图对过失进一步区分并提出区分标准。

On the basis of comparative analysis on Bona fides and No fault. Mala fides and fault,this essay holds that Bona fides and No fault are consistent in essence with a few fine distinction;Aolus and culpa lata can form Mala fides,but culpa levis and culpa levissima can't.

在对善意与无过错、恶意和过错的比较分析的基础上，本文以为善意和无过错本质是一致的，但存在细微差异：故意和重大过失可以构成恶意，轻过失和轻微过失不构成恶意，其中也试图对过失进一步区分并提出区分标准。

On the basis of comparative analysis on Bona fides and No fault. Mala fides and fault,this essay holds that Bona fides and No fault are consistent in essence with a few fine distinction;Aolus and culpa lata can form Mala fides,but culpa levis and culpa levissima can't.

在对善意与无过错、恶意和过错的比较分析的基础上，本文认为善意和无过错本质是一致的，但存在细微差别：故意和重大过失可以构成恶意，轻过失和轻微过失不构成恶意，其中也试图对过失进一步区分并提出区分标准。

Mala fides and fault,this essay holds that Bona fides and No fault are consistent in essence with a few fine distinction; Aolus and culpa lata can form Mala fides, but culpa levis and culpa levissima can,t.

在对善意与无过错、恶意和过错的比较分析的基础上，本文认为善意和无过错本质是一致的，但存在细微差别：故意和重大过失可以构成恶意，轻过失和轻微过失不构成恶意，其中也试图对过失进一步区分并提出区分标准。

There are relatively much more disagreements among the judge of negligence, cognizance of aggravated negligence and contributory negligence in practice.

在司法实践中，对过失的判断、重大过失的认定、过失相抵的运用等问题，存在比较大的分歧。

In most states contributory negligence has been superceded by comparative negligence.

在多数州，混合过失已经被比较过失取代。在论及过失时

Chapter Three analyzes the applicable condition of Contributory negligence, according to its concept and law source. And more demonstrate that Contributory negligence may be applied in no-fault liability.

第三章从过失相抵规则的概念和法律渊源入手，分析论证了过失相抵的适用条件，明确了在实行无过错责任的交通事故赔偿责任中可以使用过失相抵规则。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。