过冷

Based on the classical nucleation theory and the time-dependent nucleation theory, the thermodynamics and the kinetics for the nucleation of decagonal quasicrystal have been discussed in det...

大量实验结果表明，惰性形核涂层的非晶化程度、熔体过热度、过热保温时间以及循环过热次数等工艺参数将显著影响熔体的初始过冷度。

At the same time ice crystal and graupel collect more supercooled rain water to reduce the amount of rain water. Graupel grows through the collection of ice crystal and graupel with supercooled rain water and riming of cloud water.

霰融化、霰在暖区碰并云滴成雨减少，使雨滴的初生减弱，而冰晶碰并过冷雨成霰、霰碰并过冷雨增加，也消耗了过冷雨水，抑制雨水增长。

Terrain heightened can enhance blocking effect, which lead to strengthen water vapor flux divergence and vertical convection, and cloud water increases but centralizes in the middle-low level. This change intensify accretion of snow by collecting more supercooled cloud water, and rain water converts into graupel by collecting more snow, and dry growth of graupel increase at the same time. Rain water augment because of more graupel melting, and rain water continue to increase by collecting cloud water in the low level.

地形高度增加后，阻挡作用加强，使水汽通量辐合加强，垂直气流增大，中低层云水增多，导致雪撞冻过冷云水增多，促使了雨水撞冻雪转化为霰和霰干增长过程的加强，霰融化为雨水增多，低层雨水碰并云水加强，冷云过程得到增强。

Main effective factors including subcooling degree, mechanical vibration, gas hydrate reformation, environment temperature, noncondensing gas and surfactant are analyzed.

指出过冷度、机械振动、重复生成水合物、环境温度、不凝性气体、添加剂是影响气体水合物生成的主要因素，还对R152a水合物的放冷进行了实验研究。

By dilatometric change and microscopic test, the critical point at Ac1、Ar1、Ac3 and Ar3 of ML40Cr steel was detemined in Gleeble-3800 the thermal-mechanical simulator. The continuous cooling transformation diagram of ML40Cr steel was obtained by measuring the expanding curves of different cooling rates. The mechanical property and transformation of austenite were analyzed. The proper range of control cooling rate about ML40Cr cold heading steel was found. All those provide the reference for productive practice to develop cold heading steel.

在Gleeble-380热模拟试验机上采用热膨胀法－金相法测定了ML40Cr钢的临界点Ac1、Ar1、Ac3、Ar3，同时测定了在不同冷却速度下过冷奥氏体连续冷却时的膨胀曲线，获得了该钢的连续冷却转变曲线；研究了ML40Cr连续转变冷却过程中奥氏体转变过程和转变产物的组织和性能，初步确定了ML40Cr盘条的控制冷却范围，为冷镦钢ML40Cr盘条的开发提供了参考依据。

More experimental data of condensation heat transfer coefficient, especially ones obtained at some determined pressure of mixtures and concentration of noncondensable gases, are required in order to make a data bank. Therefore, the experiment is arranged for steam-air condensing on the outside of a horizontal smooth tube, and 405 data have been obtained for the pressure of the bulk mixture covering 0.1～0.5bar and the mass fraction of air 0.3%～10.0%.

得到了一些重要结论，尤其是首次得到了&同样含量的空气对压力较高的混合气体冷凝换热的削弱作用较小&、&蒸汽侧冷凝换热系数近似与空气质量成分的对数成正比关系&、&空气含量的增加对蒸汽侧冷凝换热系数的影响随壁面过冷度增大而减小&及&管内冷却水流速取值范围的上、下限随管外蒸汽侧空气含量的增大而减小&等结论，并验证了在本文实验范围内&蒸汽侧冷凝换热系数与相同温度下纯净饱和蒸汽凝结换热系数的Nusselt理论预测结果的比率随壁面过冷度增大而减小&的数值分析结论〓。

The directional solidification under negative temperature gradient with unstrained cooling and superrefined directional microstructure are observed.

并在△T〓≤△T＜△T〓过冷度区间完成了无外界冷速约束的负温度梯度下的定向凝固，获得了快速凝固条件下的超细定向组织。

Engineering thermophysics; Sodium acetate trihydrate; Supercooling; Phase change; Temperature curve for step cooling

工程热物理；三水醋酸钠；过冷；相变；步冷温度曲线

Japan has studied the dynamic ice Making and storage system for more than 10 years, and made great amounts of research work.

对冰晶成核理论的研究和过冷水过冷度的影响因素的研究，是设计该连续制冰系统稳定工作的基础，其中过冷却器的设计尤为关键。

The altostratus base is 2 km high, and cloud top is higher than 5 km. The supercooled water exists abundantly in the cloud, the maximum is up to 0.21 g.m-3 at -11.20℃, but its distribution is not homogeneous, 87%of continuous distribution width are less than 2.4 km, which is disadvantage to the rime increasing of ice crystal in the cloud. Meanwhile, the evaporation effect of subcloud raindrop is very big, the diameter of raindrops which could not arrive the ground is less than 1 mm. Therefore, The cold vortex process produces the weak precipitation.

As云底高2 km，云顶高大于5 km，云中存在比较大的过冷水区，-11.2℃时的过冷水含量0.21 g.m-3，但过冷水的含量分布极不均匀，大于0.05 g.m-3的过冷水区连续分布的宽度87%小于2.4 km，不利于云中冰晶的连续凇附增长；同时云下雨滴的蒸发效应大，直径小于1.0 mm的雨滴难以落到地面，因此本次过程只产生弱的降水。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。