达尔文

The beginning of that understanding was provided by Darwin, and the application of Darwinism will be an important part of the process.

达尔文让我们有了了解的开始，而达尔文主义的运用也将是一个重要的里程碑。

They were discovered by Randal Keynes, Darwin's great-great grandson, as he looked in a small leather box that had been kept by Darwin's daughter Etty.

据悉，达尔文的玄孙兰德尔在查看达尔文女儿艾提的物品时发现了一个皮革小盒，里面装着这些胡子。

Darwin discussed about some anomalous forms in fresh water basins, which belong to the remnants of some interesting orders. Because these anomalous forms exhibit the anomaly of geographical distribution e.g. Ganoid fishes, or morphological anomaly such as Ornithorhynchus and Lepidosiren , they may be called living fossils. It is believed that Darwin presented the facts of the above anomalous forms, and used the term "living fossil" in order to further illustrate the subject of "Circumstances Favorable for the Production of New Forms Through Natural Selection" in Chapter IV. The term "living fossil" appears on page 486 again in the last Chapter, i.e. Chapter XIV "Recapitulation and Conclusion", where Darwin emphasized the significance of so-called "living fossils".

第一次在该书第四章"自然选择"（第107页）：为了在该章深刻阐述"通过自然选择产生生物新类型的有利条件"这一主题，达尔文谈到了淡水流域中残存着地理分布或形态上很异常的一些生物，如：硬鳞鱼、鸭嘴兽和美洲肺鱼，可以称之为"活化石"；第二次是在该书最后一章"复述与结论"（第486页），达尔文对"活化石"的作用进行了小结。

Darwin, who hypothesised that all humans evolved from common ancestors in his seminal 1859 work "On the Origin of Species", came from Haplogroup R1b, one of the most common European male lineages, said genealogist Spencer Wells.

据系谱学家斯宾塞威尔斯介绍，达尔文是欧洲最常见的父系之一、单倍群R1b种族的后裔。达尔文在1859年出版的著名进化论著作《物种起源》中提出了"所有人类都是由共同祖先进化而来"的假设。

Director of the Genographic Project, an international study mapping the migratory history of the human species, Wells said they took a DNA sample from Darwin's great-great grandson Chris Darwin, 48, who lives on the outskirts of Sydney.

威尔斯称，他们从达尔文48岁的玄孙、居住在悉尼郊区的克里斯达尔文身上提取了DNA样本。威尔斯是以揭示人类迁徙史为目的的国际研究项目"基因地理项目"的负责人。

In 1865 he succeeded his father as director of Kew Gardens, which became an international center for botanical research.

虎克作为众多达尔文学术观点的支持者之一，其研究结果对于促进达尔文和华莱士共同提出关于通过自然选择的进化理论起到了一定帮助。1865年虎克继承父业，任丘园植物园园长，此后该园成为国际植物学研究中心。

It enclosed twenty pages describing an evolutionary mechanism, a response to Darwin's recent encouragement, with a request to send it on to Lyell if Darwin thought it worthwhile.

包裹装有20页描写进化机制的报告，这是对达尔文最近鼓励的回应；华莱士请求将它送给莱尔，如果达尔文认为值得这么做的话。

Darwinian evolution is not just slow learning. In Marvin Minsky 's words,"Darwinian evolution is dumb learning."

达尔文的进化不只是缓慢的学习，用马文·明斯基的话说，"达尔文进化是愚蠢的学习。"

A narrow entrance into the outwork of a fortification.Darwin:a city of northern australia on Port Darwin, an inlet of the Timor Sea.

"达尔文：澳大利亚北部一城市，位于达尔文港沿岸，帝汶海的一入口处，1869年建成时为帕默斯顿，于1911年重新命名。"

A century and a half after On the Origin of Species, biologists still debate the mechanisms and implications of Darwinism, while much of the public still flounders in pre-Darwinian cluelessness.

在《物种起源》出版了一个半世纪后，生物学家还在争论达尔文主义的机制与含意，而大多数人也还在为前达尔文时期的漫无头绪而焦躁徬徨。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。