达到

The results suggest: the three culturalss pollen germination percentage were more than 60% 4 h after cultured in liquid culture medium composed 10% sucrose, 24℃; Florescence most concentrated April third-tenth (2003); For Zaomeisu and Qiyuesu ,their anthotaxy and flower self setting fruit percentage were more than 90%,except for China pear 1, anthotaxy self setting fruit percentage was 48.3%, flower self setting fruit percentage was 33.1%; Their cross-compatibility was higher, anthotaxy and flower self setting fruit percentage almost reached 100%, the lowest also reached 94.9%, but last self-compatible gathering fruit percentage was lower comparatively and fruit average seed numbers were lower, while cross-compatible gathering fruit percentage and fruit average seed numbers were closed to that of nature pollination.

对梨品种亲缘关系很近的早美酥、中梨1号、七月酥等进行的花粉发芽率、花期调查、自交亲和性、异交亲和性调查的结果表明：三者的花粉在10%的蔗糖液培养基上，24℃左右培养4h后花粉发芽率均能达到60%以上；三者的花期大都集中在4月3日-10日(2003年)；早美酥、中梨1号、七月酥的自花授粉坐果率，除中梨1号的花序自花授粉座果率为48.3%，花朵自交座果率为33.1%外，早美酥、七月酥的花序自交座果率和花朵自自花授粉座果率均达到90%以上；它们的异花授粉坐果率更高，在本试验中花序坐果率和花朵坐果率都可达到94%以上，但最终采果率自花授粉的相对低一些，果实平均种子数也低，异花授粉的最终采果率和果实平均种子数与自然授粉条件下的近似。

It locks the frequency of the carrier-wave at 35MHz.The stabilization of the carrier-wave can be 4×10-5,the accuracy can be 3×10-5.The frequency modulation and the confection of the carrier-wave are realized by the capacity-changing diode V149 and the integration voltage-control oscillator MC1648 chip.The end power amplifier uses the audion 2SC1970 to make it work in the third magnifying state,it improves the efficiency of the magnifier and the power of the output reaches the design demand.

发射部分采用锁相环式频率合成器技术， MC145152和MC12022芯片组成锁相环，将载波频率精确锁定在35MHz，输出载波的稳定度达到4×10-5，准确度达到3×10-5，由变容二极管V149和集成压控振荡器芯片MC1648实现对载波的调频调制；末级功放选用三极管2SC1970，使其工作在丙类放大状态，提高了放大器的效率，输出功率达到设计要求。

The transmit part adopts the phase-locked loop pattern of frequency synthesizing technology and uses the MC145152 and MC12022 chips to compose the phase-locked loop.It locks the frequency of the carrier-wave at 35MHz.The stabilization of the carrier-wave can be 4×10-5,the accuracy can be 3×10-5.The frequency modulation and the confection of the carrier-wave are realized by the capacity-changing diode V149 and the integration voltage-control oscillator MC1648 chip.The end power amplifier uses the audion 2SC1970 to make it work in the third magnifying state,it improves the efficiency of the magnifier and the power of the output reaches the design demand.

发射部分采用锁相环式频率合成器技术， MC145152和MC12022芯片组成锁相环，将载波频率精确锁定在35MHz，输出载波的稳定度达到4×10-5，准确度达到3×10-5，由变容二极管V149和集成压控振荡器芯片MC1648实现对载波的调频调制；末级功放选用三极管2SC1970，使其工作在丙类放大状态，提高了放大器的效率，输出功率达到设计要求。

A novel layout of IC transformer is proposed to achieve both high turn ratio and coupling coefficient in this paper. In order to discuss the coupling coefficient, the layouts are designed with different turn ratio. The thesis is mainly includes of three experiment topics. The multi-stack structure is proposed to achieve prior goal in first topic. Two groups of proposed devices are designed to maintain identical self- inductances in transformer's primary and secondary coils. Total six devices are fabricated in foundry 90-nm CMOS technology. Using the 9 and 5 metal layers in primary and secondary coils in a specific layout, measurement results show that the transformer has the largest benefit using the bottommost return layer in layout design. In one word, the adoption of more metal layers to construct different turn ratio transformer shows not only improving the N value but also saving the chip area in this experiment.

中文摘要本文是针对不同圈数比变压器探讨其耦合量的变化，并且期望其变压器能同时达到高圈数比及高耦合系数的特性，本论文主要可分为三个实验主题，首先第一个主题提出以90nm CMOS制程技术实现的多层金属层的布局方式，并以相同的一、二次侧自感值分为两组，利用不同返回层来达到不同的圈数比，且从量测结果可以得知，在变压器布局设计上使用最底金属层来作返回层会得到较好的特性，最后从此实验得知一结论，利用合适的多层金属架构达到不同的圈数比，不仅可以改善圈数比，还可以缩小晶片面积。

Al-15 Si-5Fe-3Mn-4Cu-lMg-2Ni alloy after semi-solid extrusion heat treatment, Buchner hardness reaches 196; ultimate tensile strength reaches 192Mpa, extensibility reaches 2.5%.

77%。半固态挤压热处理合金的布氏硬度最高达到196；极限抗拉强度达到192MPa，延伸率达到2。

This paper deriving the theory workinflection point in the static stage characteristics curve of small measurement range lineardimension measurement .by the way of high pressure and back pressure pneumaticmeasure and designed the parameter of the mainly and measure spray head, which are thekey component in the spray head-baffle pneumatic sensor .The different groups for themain-spray head and the measure spray head ,will effect the dynamic and static stagecharacteristic parameter .The author have done contrast experiment and optimizationdesign to test and verify the theory derivation whereby made the rang of show valve ofpneumatic measure system measure range up to 40 μ m, the sensitivity up to 100mv/μ m,resolution up to 0.05 μm, the uncertainly of measure is less than 0.02 μm, satisfaction ofrequirement of groups the carboy hatch thickness size precise measure of soft shims.

对高压背压式气动测量用于小量程线性尺寸测量的静态特性曲线的理论工作拐点进行了推导，对气动测量系统中的喷嘴-挡板型气动传感器中的关键部件——主喷嘴和测量喷嘴的参数进行了理论设计，对主喷嘴和测量喷嘴的不同组合，将影响测量系统静、动态特性指标的喷嘴参数进行了对比实验和优化设计，并通过实验验证了理论推导，从而使气动测量系统量程的示值范围达到40μm，灵敏度达到100mv／μm，分辨率达到0.05μm，测量不确定度小于0.2μm，满足了压缩机缸盖软体垫片厚度尺寸精密测量分组的要求。

0Mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine was the optimal concentration of shoots quantity inducing which frequency of inducing shoots and number of shoots per explant were 100% and 11.1 respectively. 0.5mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine was the optimal concentration of shoots length inducing which average length of shoots was 12.0mm. Explant size had significantly effects on direct shoots quantity and length induction. When complete cotyledon used as explant, frequency of inducing shoots, number of shoots per explant and average length of shoots could approach to 100%, 6.7 and 17.1mm respectively. 2.0mg/L silver nitrate could significantly increase shoot quantity induction, both frequency of inducing shoots and number of shoots per explant could be as high as 97.2% and 4.2 respectively. But silver nitrate also could restrain shoots elongation.

结果表明：不同黄瓜品种直接不定芽数量诱导存在显著差异，但长度诱导无显著差异；6-苄氨基嘌呤对直接不定芽数量和长度的诱导作用显著，其中4.0mg/L为数量诱导适宜浓度，其出芽率和每外植体出芽数达到最高，分别为100.0%和11.1，0.5mg/L为长度诱导适宜浓度，其平均芽长12.0mm；外植体的大小对直接不定芽数量和长度均具显著影响，随着子叶的增大诱导直接不定芽的数量和长度增加，其中单片完整子叶为最适宜大小，其出芽率、每外植体出芽数和平均芽长分别达到100%、6.7和17.1mm；硝酸银也对直接不定芽数量诱导影响显著，其中2.0mg/L为适宜浓度，出芽率和每外植体出芽数分别达到97.2%和4.2，但对芽长有抑制作用。

It is shown from the investigation results that the total consumer's surplus for the Qingdao First Bathing Beach is RMB 197 million yuan/year, the total willingness to pay for beach usage is RMB 6.31 million yuan/year, the total willingness to donate for beach environmental protection is RMB 174 million yuan/year, so the total beach use value has exceeded RMB 430 million yuan/year. If the nonuse value for the Qingdao First Bathing Beach is included, the total beach value is quite considerable.

调查结果发现，青岛市第一海水浴场消费者总剩余达到1.97亿元／年，海滩年度总使用支付意愿达到6310万元，环境保护捐赠意愿达到1.74亿元，总海滩使用价值超过4.3亿元，再加上非使用价值，其价值总量相当可观。

In the simulation, the flow rule of melt metal in mold of horizontal continuous casting with electromagnetic stirring is measured using ultrasonic Doppler velometer, and the result is inter confirmed with the solidification characteristics is tics of zinc cupronickel thin slab in industrial product, some advantageous results are obtained that, when the current is 400 A the inner micro-pores disappear, when the current is 500 A the center equiaxed crystal layers occur and when the current is to 800 A the inner-segregation decreases to zero.

在模拟实验中，用超声波多普勒测速仪测量该电磁搅拌下水平连铸结晶器内金属液的流动规律，并与生产实验中锌白铜板带的凝固特征相互印证，发现搅拌电流达到400 A时，板带内部气孔消失，电流达到500 A时板带出现等轴晶带，电流达到800 A时板带坯偏析率趋于零。

Lupulus, bacteria increased by 0.37% for the 8-year old but decreased by 4. 25%, 10.72% and 18.30% for the 18, 20, and 22-year old plants respectively. The differences were significant except for the 8-year olds. Other respective changes were that actinomycetes decreased by -2.10%, 17.77%, 25.96% and 46.22%, fungi increased by 36.99%, 60.69%, 79.77% and 94.22%, the microbial diversity index increased by 6.12%,-3. 01%,-10.15% and -10.53% and the a-acid increased by 0.44%,-4.53%,-6.86% and -9.49%. The differences were significant except for the 8-year old plants.

与5年植龄的相比，8年植龄的细菌增加了0.37%，而18，20和22年植龄的细菌分别降低了4.25%，10.72%和18.30%，均达到显著差异（除8年外）；各植龄的放线菌分别是5年的102.10%，82.23%，74.04%和53.78%，均达到显著差异；真菌分别是5年的136.99%，160.69%，179.77%和194.22%，差异显著；多样性指数分别是5年的106.12%，96.99%，89.85%和89.47%，前三者均达到显著差异；啤酒花α-酸含量分别是5年的100.44%，95.47%，93.14%和90.51%，均达到显著差异（除8年外）。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。