边际贡献

The concepts of fixed and variable overheads, overhead absorption and contribution and marginal costing can be found in a number of CIMA papers.

固定和变动管理费用、管理费用分配、贡献和边际成本之类的概念可以在许多CIMA的试卷中找到。

Comparing industrialization, the marginal contribution of human capital is far higher than that of industrialization. This predicts that human capital will be the biggest contribution factor to income growth of rural residents in the near future.

而且，与工业化相比，人力资本的边际贡献率远远高于工业化，这意味着在不久的将来人力资本有可能成为农村居民收入增长最大的贡献因素。

A dropping contribution of human capital to regional disparity means a mount of rural human capital further loss will worsening of region disparities. And the greatest marginal contribution rate of human capital means that there will be a perpetual existence of disparity if human capital of agriculture and non-agriculture cannot be in equilibrium. In order to solve the problems, the thesis puts forward two proposals.

人力资本对地区差异的贡献在下降意味着农村进一步的人力资本流失将会恶化我国的地区差异；人力资本对收入的边际贡献率最大意味着如果农村与非农的人力资本水平不能保持平衡，农村与非农的差距将始终存在。

This paper presents the portfolio selection problem of two-attribute money and creates a model of portfolio selection based on two-attribute money, which can both contain the existing portfolio models and overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies. A series of new concepts is put forward, such as, holding wealth, obtainable wealth, short-term utility function, short-term expectation-variance utility function, state-expectation-variance utility function, short-term expectation-variance utility curve, long-term expectation-variance utility curve, margin utility contribution force, additional contribution force, profit-risk exchange rate and optimal portfolio expansion curve; The state-expectation-variance analytical method is developed from the expectation-variance analytical method; A set of systematic theories concerning two-attribute portfolio selection is thus established.

本文提出了两属性货币的证券组合选择问题；创建了既能包含现有证券组合选择模型又能克服上述两点不足的两属性证券组合选择模型；提出了持有财富、可获财富，短期效用函数，短期期望—方差效用函数、状态—期望—方差效用函数，短期期望—方差效用曲线、长期期望—方差效用曲线，边际效用贡献力，附加贡献力，收益—风险替换率，最优证券组合扩展线等一系列新概念；把期望—方差分析方法发展成状态—期望—方差分析方法；建立了两属性证券组合选择模型的一套系统的理论。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。