边际

This method ensures margins but can not be the best way to pricing in a competitive scenario: some exporters tend instead to consider a flexible cost-plus strategy which allows variations in special circumstances.

在竞争性的场合下，这种方法确保了边际成本，在竞争性的场合下，这种方法确保了边际成本，但不是定价的最好方法：是定价的最好方法：一些出口商相反地倾向于考虑一个弹性的成本加成战略以允许特殊情形下的变动。

Chapter six presents such new concepts as margin utility contribution force, profit-risk exchange rate, state-expectation-variance utility function, long-term expectation-variance utility curve and optimal portfolio expansion curve. The state-expectation-variance analytical method is developed from the expectation-variance analytical method. The changing rate of profit-risk exchange rate to state variable is used to define and distinguish the decreasing, constant and increasing relative risk aversion. A decomposition formula about the margin contribution force of holding wealth to state-expectation-variance utility function is displayed. The decomposition formula demonstrates that the contribution force of investors' holding wealth to their utility is composed of the pure contribution force of holding wealth and the investment contribution force bronght about through investment portfolio.

第六章提出了边际效用贡献力、收益—风险替换率、状态—期望—方差效用函数、长期期望—方差效用曲线、最优证券组合扩展线等新概念；把期望—方差分析方法发展成状态—期望—方差分析方法；用收益—风险替换率对状态变量ω的变化率来定义和区分递减、定常、递增相对风险厌恶；获得了持有财富对状态—期望—方差效用函数的边际贡献力的分解式，该分解公式表明投资者的持有财富对他的效用的贡献力由持有财富本身的纯贡献力和持有财富通过投资证券组合所产生的投资贡献力所组成。

Author analyses the cost, benefit and efficiency in detail, and comes to three conclusions: first, the aim is to get the minimal cost from the sum of direct cost and erroneous cost in economy; second, the highest point exists when marginal cost crosses marginal revenue; third, the design of the minimal cost in criminal summary procedure system must insist three principles: punctual, brief and justice.

在这一部分中，笔者通过对刑事简易程序进行成本分析、收益分析以及效率分析得出了三个重要的结论：一是从经济学的角度看，刑事简易程序的目的就是要使直接成本和错误成本之和最小化；二是刑事简易程序成本投入的最佳水平是其边际成本与边际收益相交的均衡点；三是为了实现成本的最小化，在设计刑事简易程序制度时应当坚持三个原则——及时原则、精简原则和最低公正原则。

The insufficiency of effective demand will inhibit the process of production in spite of the, fact that the marginal product of labour still exceeds in value the marginal disutility of employment.

尽管事实上劳动的边际产品在价值上仍会大于就业的边际负效用，有效需求不足往往会阻碍生产的进行。

The equilibrium condition of personal education investment is that marginal cost equals to marginal revenue.

个人教育投资的均衡条件是边际成本等于边际收益。

Additionally, because the laser energy is a Gaussian curve, exist from light Center to the edge of the decline, the dot rough.

另外，因为激平的能量是矮斯弧线型的，活命从平边际到边际的递增，令网不面粗劣。

Find level as follows: levelmeter cyclophos phamide check the precision of one of the gradienter-mounted on a flat surface, write down its reading (if the bubble in gradienter a-side, you should adjust the plane kept rotafiong, moved to gradienter which there is a range, does not necessarily have to be translated to the intermediate region), and then set the gradienter go 180??, hmyh and measuring one at a time, if the two measuring results is the same as or a very small error, you may think that the gradienter of accuracy to requirements should be carefully find the cause.

找程量的抽象操纵如下：①查抄程量仪的精量，不兵程量仪置某一平背上，记下其读数（如果气泡在程量仪某端，则答调量该平背的程量量，使气泡移到程量仪不顶下有量程的边际，不一不退否给调到角落部位），然后不兵程量仪不停180°，在原边际再丈量一次，如果两次丈量甘休不同或差错极小，则可觉得程量仪的精量符分给求，否则答澈不顶查找来因。

Make consequently original economics principle and notional get into trouble, among them, be like below a few respects basically: One, pay is degressive law pay is degressive law, the earliest Thoms Malthus put forward 1798, be in later 19 centuries 70 time Jevons , Mengeer with Waerlasi 3 people put forward limit effectiveness at the same time almost degressive principle, founded limit effectiveness axiology.

因而使得原有的经济学原理和概念陷入困境，其中，主要的有如下几个方面：一、报酬递减律报酬递减律，最早是托马斯·马尔萨斯在1798年提出的，后来在19世纪70年代杰文斯、门格尔和瓦尔拉斯三人几乎同时提出了边际效用递减原理，创立了边际效用价值论。

This paper points out that Keynes macroeconomic theory is on the basis of three major psychological law: reduced marginal propensity to consume, liquidity preference, decreased marginal efficiency of capital.

本文指出，凯恩斯的宏观经济理论以先验的三大心理规律，即边际消费倾向递减、流动性偏好、资本边际效率递减为基础，脱离资本主义深层次的经济关系和经济结构，来分析资本主义的宏观经济运行。

Because factor demand reflects the value of the marginal product of that factor, in equilibrium each factor is compensated according to its marginal contribution to

由于要素需求反映了那种要素的边际产值，在均衡时每种要素根据其对物品生产的边际贡献得到报酬。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。