边际

This paper chooses residual income model to measure the cost of equity capital, and construct some index to represent the total disclosure quality and earnings disclosure quality of Chinese listed companies. Our analysis shows that for the whole sample of listed companies which conduct seasoned equity offerings in the stock market, controlling 6, company scale, B/M, leverage and asset turnover, there is positive relationship between the total disclosure quality and marginal cost equity capital; there is negative relationship between the earnings radical and marginal cost equity capita; there is no remarkable relationship between the earnings smoothness and marginal cost equity capital.

本文采用剩余收益模型计算公司的股权融资成本，分别以披露总体质量和盈余披露质量作为反映我国上市公司信息披露质量的指标，研究发现在控制β系数、公司规模、账面价值比、盈利水平等因素的条件下，总体来看，信息披露总体质量越高的样本公司的边际股权融资成本越高；盈余激进度与边际股权融资成本负相关；而盈余平滑度与边际股权融资成本的关系并不显著。

Decision rule chain and distance function of decision rule are proposed, by which the order of decision rules are explained. The group scale's effect on decision quality and the marginal contribution of decision-makers are analyzed. It's pointed out that the increase of the scale will enhance the decision quality with the optimal decision rule applied. Otherwise it is likely to weaken the decision quality. It's proved that for homogeneous group with simple majority rule applied the marginal contribution of decision-maker will decrease while the scale increases or the decisional competencies of other decision-makers increase; 3.We study the group decision-making with a leader in it. It's proved that the existence of the leader impairs the decision quality when the group applies the optimal decision rule.

研究了决策者的决策能力不确定情况下的群体决策，给出了最优决策规则，指出其仍然是广义加权多数规则；提出了决策规则链和决策规则距离函数的概念，利用这些概念解释了群体决策规则的序现象；分析了群体规模对决策质量的影响、决策者决策能力的边际贡献，指出当群体应用最优规则时，群体规模的增大会提高决策质量，否则群体规模的增大可能会削弱决策质量；证明了对于应用简单多数规则的同质群体，随着其规模的增大，决策者决策能力对决策质量的边际贡献会减小；随着其他决策者决策能力的提高，决策者决策能力对决策质量的边际贡献也会减小； 3。

To further understand and correctly master the notion of marginal spectrum in Hibert-huang transform, the linear property of marginal spectrum is demonstrated, an mistake to the notion of marginal spectrum in some documents is pointed out, and a new viewpoint about the essential difference between marginal spectrum and Fourier frequency spectrum is put forward by which the amplitude of Fourier frequency spectrum only represents the probability that a frequency objectively exists in a signal while the amplitude of marginal spectrum decides whether a frequency objectively exists in a signal.

为了深入理解和正确掌握希尔伯特－黄变换（Hilbert-Huang Transform，简称HHT）中的边际讲概念，证明了边际谱的线性性质，指出了文献中对边际谱概念的一种误解，提出了边际普与Fourier频谱之间本质区别的一种的新观点，即Fourier频谱的幅值只能反映频率在信号中实际存在的可能性大小，而边际谱的幅值则能真实反映频率在信号中是否存在。

The results of this paper were:(1) The managers can apply the net interest margin change forecasting model and the net interest margin forecasting model to estimate the change of its NIM irregardless of the interest rate redundant.

一运用净利息边际变动率预测模式与净利息边际金额预测模式，可以预测利率敏感性缺口之净利息边际变动，进而对因利率变动可能导至净利息所得减少提供预警功能。

The article put forward the concept of limit value, discussed element to use value limit degressive sex and commodity value and the limit that produce cost increase by degrees sexual relation, on this foundation, to commodity supply price decides theory and supply flexibility make new explanation theoretically.

本文提出了边际价值的概念，论述了要素使用价值边际递减性与商品价值以及生产成本的边际递增性的关系，在此基础上，对商品供给价格决定理论和供给弹性理论作出新的解释。

Based on the theory of marginal analysls, thls paper presents two methods for calculating the marginal cost of stimulation, which are suitable for both cases with rich practical data and without practical data, and according to the principle of marginal cost equivalent to marginal benefit, puts forward the marg...

根据边际分析理论，提出了两种计算增产措施边际成本的方法，分别适合于实际资料丰富和缺乏的情况；并根据边际成本等于边际效益的原则，确定出老区增产措施的边际价格以及在现行价格体系下各项措施的取合条件。

The breakthrough point of this thesis is to make use of newsvendor"s model to explain the behavior of double marginalization in the Specialization system with Specialization Advantage, which is not accordant with the statement of" double marginalization " in economics (see Tirole,"the theory of industrial organization, P222-230). On the condition of Specialization Advantage, double marginalization may play positive role in the economy of the system.

论文的切入点是，利用报童模型来说明在具有分工优势的专业分工系统中双重边际效应的表现，这与经济学中对"双重边际效应"的表述参见Tirole(泰勒尔，《产业组织理论》，p222-230不完全一致，在有分工优势的条件下，双重边际效应可能对系统的经济性有积极的作用。

Based on the definition of marginal cost and the technology of probabilistic costing,this paper provides a method for forecasting the expected value and probability distribution function of the short\|run marginal cost of power generation for a given time interval.

基于边际成本的定义和随机生产模拟技术，提出一种短期发电边际成本的概率学预测方法，不仅能给出发电边际成本的均值，而且能得到其概率分布函数。

Joseph Stalin said makesconstant initiality of the view that any phenomenon if orphaned land, there is no association with the phenomenon of around it, it would not be able to understand it, because the nature of any given field of any phenomenon, if it is out of touch with the surrounding conditions, and they are isolated phenomenon society become meaningless things; on the contrary, any phenomenon if the same phenomenon has around, unviolable is subject to the constraints surrounding phenomenon, and that's understandable, arguably.

斯不小林说：&形而上学觉得，板滞界的任何一种不隐象，如果被簇拥不天、同边际不隐象操纵干系不天来看，那不离无法抱怨，因为板滞界的任何范畴洋的任何不隐象，如果把它看作是同边际前提操纵干系，与它们分隔的不隐象，那社会成为不十足事理的工具；反之，任何一种不隐象，如果把它看作是同边际不隐象有着不可不合割的干系，是施边际不隐象所制约的不隐象，那不离可以抱怨，可以论证了。&

There appeared three maximums of consumption growth in 1991,1994,1996 respectively.

通过边际消费倾向和边际储蓄倾向的测定，发现在收入增长的构成中，消费与储蓄比为 5 。6∶ 4 。4 ，用于消费的比例下降，而用于储蓄的比例上升，1996— 1999年，边际消费倾向大幅下降，边际储蓄倾向极度增长，消费、储蓄的均衡格局被打破。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。