边界

In the hybrid algorithm, we use FEM to model the EM field in the interior domain, and then use the integral equation to compute the field on the boundary (to provide an artificial boundary condition for FEM system), and the finite element approximation is also convenient for deriving discrete equations of the integral equation.

混合法的原理是引入一个包围非均匀目标体的虚构边界，在边界内部的场用有限元法模拟，在边界外部的场用积分方程表达，二者在边界上通过场的连续性耦合起来。

Boundary polynomial point interpolation mesh-free method and boundary radial point interpolation mesh-free method were presented, based on polynomial basis and radial basis respectively for transient eddy current analysis, and their interpolation shape functions satisfy the Kronecker delta function and the essential boundary conditions can be directly imposed on the boundary nodes. An example on analyzing transient eddy current of a square metal column was set to prove the validity of the proposed methods, and a comparison on accuracy between BPPIM and BRPIM was analyzed as well.

运用多项式点插值法和径向基点插值法构造形函数，推导了适合于工程电磁场瞬态涡流问题的多项式基点插值边界无单元方法和径向基点播值边界无单元方法，这两种方法的空间插值形函数满足Kronecker delta条件，从而强加边界条件可以直接施加在边界点上，以金属长方柱的瞬态涡流分析作为数值算例，证实了两种方法的正确性和有效性，并对两种基类的点插值法进行了精度分析和比较。

For a given Sturm-Liouville equation with positive leading coefficient function, by use of the monotonicity results of its natural loops, limit of boundary conditions and eigenvalues in the space of self-adjoint boundary conditions, a proof of the equalities among eigenvalues for coupled boundary conditions and those for separated boundary conditions is made.

内蒙古工业大学理学院副教授 2。对于给定的首相系数函数为正的 Sturm-Liouville方程，利用在自伴边界条件空间上自然圈、边界条件的极限和特征值的单调性的几个结果，给出了在偶合边界条件与分离边界条件下的特征值间的一些等式的证明。

An artificial boundary is introduced, and an exact boundary condition by the natural boundary reduction is obtained.

引入一条人工边界，通过自然边界归化获得人工边界上精确的人工边界条件。

For the boundary layer with adiabatic wall, transition happens about 60% further downstream from the nose of the cone, as compared with boundary layer with isothermal wall.2 ZARF is not unique in three-dimensional boundary layer.

壁面温度边界条件对转捩影响很大，绝热边界层和等温边界层相比，转捩位置靠后将近60%。2三维边界层中的ZARF曲线不是唯一的。

There are great difference in physics quality between the inner and the outer of boundary and the local of grid in boundary, so the boundary and artificial boundary became a very strong interface to reflection wave.

由于边界内外的物性差异及边界点网格的局部性，使边界成为一个很强的反射界面——人工边界。

The urban fringe belt is defined by its outer and inner boundary, which separate the inner urban core, urban fringe and rural area.

城市边缘区被定义为城市内边界和外边界之间的环状区域，内边界分离城市核心区与城市边缘区，外边界分离城市边缘区与农村腹地。

Using the characteristic of the regular curve boundary for a bending plate in engineering,the analytic integral formulae of assistant states in boundary element method with the linear element for a Kirchhoff circular plate are introduced and the systematic equation of BEM is established in this paper.

利用一般弯曲薄板边界为规则曲线的特点，对工程常用的圆形弯曲薄板，采用线性单元，导出K irchhoff圆板各辅助态的边界积分解析表达式，建立问题的边界元法系统方程，从而使薄板的边界元分析完全避免通常使用的高斯积分，明显提高计算精度。

The advantages and limitations of every kind of methods for calculating the failure probability is reviewed. The frist order reliability method, the second order reliability method and many kinds of boundary method have achieved remarkable success and formed nature fields of reliability. However, the precision of these methods decrease as the increase of complexity of problem. The numrical methods are versatile, except numerical intergration is only adaptable to special problems which have small number variables and regular intergral domain. Particularly, the advanced variance reduction techniques own the following character: high precision and a small amount computation. But some questions remain to study in the future because only an initial work about these techniqes is developed.

全面评述了计算失效概率各种方法的优点和局限性，其中经典的解析法包括一次可靠性方法、二次可靠性方法、一阶边界法、Vanmarcke上边界、PENT上边界和Ditlevsen二阶窄边界法，这些方法对于多设计点、变量较多且相关、密度函数不是正态以及极限状态方程较复杂的情况，其计算精度较差；而已有的数值方法却是具有较好的通用性，其中除数值积分法只对变量较少、积分域较规则的特殊问题适用外，各种数值模拟方法均具有较广的适应性，特别是各种改进的方差减小技术，精度高、计算量小，但由于其处在研究的初级阶段，还有许多问题有待于解决。

Experiment of convective drying of wet quartz sands as porous media, which had adiabatic-impermeable boundary of undersurface and convective boundary of upside, was carried out in laboratory.

本文以上边界对流传热传质边界和下边界绝热绝湿边界的含湿石英砂填充床为实验对象，进行了对流干燥实验。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。