边沁学说的

Its germinate may trace back to Demokritos" and Epicurean hedonism of ancient Greek. It has passed through several stages. To 17 century"s Hobbes and Bacon and 18 centurys Locke, Claude Arien Helvetius, Holbach, Hume and Smith etc., utilitarianism is formed initially. As is well known, its mature statesmen are Bentham and Mill.

它的萌芽可以上溯到古希腊时期德谟克利特和伊壁鸠鲁的快乐主义学说；中间经历了若干个发展阶段，到17世纪的霍布斯、培根及18世纪以后的洛克、爱尔维修以及霍尔巴赫、休谟和斯密等人处，功利主义理论才初步形成；而它的集大成者，众所周知是英国思想家、经济学家边沁和密尔。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。