输血

These infectious and noninfectious hazards are reviewed briefly in the context of their historical evolution.

没有西医在中国的建立、特别是没有外科医学的建立，就没有输血医学在中国的发展。

Also associated were preeclampsia/gestational hypertension (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 2.13 - 2.46), smoking (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 2.53 - 3.21), and diabetes (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.64 - 2.35). Nonvascular diagnoses, such as pneumonia, transfusions, postpartum infection, or hemorrhage, were not linked to migraine.

同样有关的有先兆子痫/妊娠高血压(OR为2.29； 95% CI为2.13 - 2.46)、抽菸(OR为2.85； 95% CI为2.53 - 3.21)、糖尿病(OR为1.96； 95% CI为1.64 - 2.35)；非血管方面的诊断，如肺炎、输血、产后感染或者出血，与偏头痛无关。

"Although in our study the number of patients was small and follow-up short, we believe that HolCTU should be considered as an initial treatment for obliterative post-traumatic urethral strictures," the authors write."The procedure is simple, less traumatic, and less morbid, without a blood transfusion requirement, and the patient will require less time away from work. We do not deny that the core-through procedure has a slightly greater rate of failure compared with open surgery. However, failure of the procedure does not prevent conventional urethroplasty if required."

研究人员表示，虽然在研究中，受试者样本数少且追踪期短，但我们相信HolCTU将会像对创伤后闭锁性尿道狭窄的最初治疗般受到重视，因为这项手术过程简单、伤口较少，同时也较少导致其他病变、不需要输血，且患者较不需要花时间离开工作；我们不否定穿越核心的外科手术与一般外科手术相比，有较高的失败率，但无论如何，手术失败将不会阻碍传统的尿道成形术。

"Although in our study the number of patients was small and follow-up short, we believe that HolCTU should be considered as an initial treatment for obliterative post-traumatic urethral strictures," the authors write."The procedure is simple, less traumatic, and less morbid, without a blood transfusion requirement, and the patient will require less time away from work. We do not deny that the core-through procedure has a slightly greater rate of failure compared with open surgery. However, failure of the procedure does not prevent conventional urethroplasty if required."

研究人员表示，虽然在研究中，受试者样本数少且追踪期短，但我们相信HolCTU将会像对创伤后闭锁性尿道狭窄的最初治疗般受到重视，因为这项手术过程简单、伤口较少，同时也较少导致其它病变、不需要输血，且患者较不需要花时间离开工作；我们不否定穿越核心的外科手术与一般外科手术相比，有较高的失败率，但无论如何，手术失败将不会阻碍传统的尿道成形术。

Objective To study whether the pediatric patients with palatoplasty needs blood transfusion and the rational combination of tran sfusion during operation,in order to provide a basis for the management of clini cal anesthesia and postoperative recovery in children.

目的 探讨小儿腭裂手术是否需要输血及术中输液的合理组合，为临床麻醉管理和小儿手术后顺利康复提供依据。

A central venous catheter was inserted for hemodynamic monitoring and blood transfusion. Cardiac tamponade occurred secondary to perforation of the superior vena cava by the central venous catheter. The patient's hemodynamic status became stable after pericardiocentesis. One week later she was discharged with no sequelae during the three month follow-up.

患者术后装置中央静脉导管以利於血行动力的评估及输血，病患进行中央静脉导管术时因上腔静脉穿刺破裂导致心包膜填塞及休克，经紧急照会心脏科医师后立即给予心包膜穿刺术，术后患者血压渐趋稳定情况好转於一星期后出院，经过三个月的追踪亦无后遗症。

Treatment group (96 cases) were given peritoneoscope operation while control group(120 cases) were given abdomen surgery.

结果 两组均成功完成手术，无需输血，无邻近器官损伤，术中术后均无手术并发症。

Results There were 2 cas es of damages in common bile duct, 3 cases of choledocholith, 1 case of bile lea king, 2 cases of unknown reasons, 5 cases of phlegmasia, 2 cases of hepatitis, 1 case of blood transfusion.

结果 本组术后16例黄疸中肝外胆管结扎2例、胆总管残留结石3例、胆汁漏1例、炎性黄疸5例、肝炎后黄疸2例、输血后黄疸1例、不明原因黄疸2例。

Two percent of body weight posthepatic manipulative bleeding with blood transfusion at 10 min after reperfusion significantly protects the rats from lung injury induced by HIR.

在肝后氧自由基高峰期进行2%肝后控制性失血输血处理可明显减轻HIR所致的肺损伤。

Then the experimental rats were treated with posthepatic manipulative bleeding or IH-VC manipulative bleeding at 10 min after reperfusion. RESULTS: MDA concentration in SH-VC elevated obviously with time and peaked at 10 min after reperfusion. Two percent of body weight posthepatic manipulative bleeding with blood transfusion at 10 min after reperfusion significantly decreased circulating MDA, ALT and AST levels and improved survival rate.

结果：HIR时SH-VC血中MDA的含量随时间的延长逐渐升高，并在再灌注后10min达到高峰，并且再灌注后0、5和10min 3个时段，SH-VC内MDA的含量明显高于IH-VC内的含量；2% SH-VC放血输血处理组血清MDA的含量明显低于未处理组，处理后6h血清ALT和AST的含量都显著低于未处理组，并且生存率明显提高达7d左右。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。