输尿管间的

Sixty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive sham operation, blockage of unilateral ureteral without treatment, or intraperitoneal injection of amygdalin at a dose of 3 mg or 5 mg, and then sacrificed on days 7, 14 and 21 postoperatively, Pathological changes in the kidney in each group were observed.

用单侧输尿管梗阻的方法建立大鼠肾脏间质纤维化模型。60只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、单侧输尿管梗阻组、苦杏仁甙3 mg腹腔注射组和苦杏仁甙5 mg腹腔注射组，分别于术后7、14、21 d处死动物，观察各组大鼠肾脏病理损害程度。

baric trajectorywith lithotripsy ureteroscopy can treat colic or functionfailure by ureteral calculi in emergency treatment.it is a simple、safety、efficient method to treat colic or functionfailure by ureteral calculiin emergency treatment.

急诊行行输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管下段结石，可在短时间内缓解肾绞痛，及时解除孤立肾急性梗阻性肾功能衰竭，是简单省时、安全有效、在短时间内解除患者痛苦及挽救肾功能的有效方法。

Objective: To evaluate the effects and possible mechanism of HMG-COA reductase inhibiter simvastatin on interstitial fibrosis of unilaterd ureteral obstruction rats and the influence of simvastatin on the process.

目的：本实验主要研究经甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶抑制剂辛伐他汀对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质纤维化的影响及可能机制。

100 patients of kidney and ureter were divided into 2 groups randomly-CESA group and CEA group.

2006年1月至2007年8月间，对100例肾和输尿管结石接受PCNI术患者的麻醉方法随机分为CSEA组和CEA组，每组各50例。

To observe the changes of pathology and contents of hydroxyproline, total antioxidizing capability, total superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in kidneys of unilateral ureteral obstruction rats, and investigate the function of oxidation stress reaction in renal interstitial fibrosis.

目的 采用单侧输尿管结扎致肾间质纤维化大鼠模型，观察UUO后肾脏病理和肾组织在羟氨酸含量及各氧化应激指标的改变，探讨氧化应激在肾间质纤维化中的作用。

Hematocrit and blood viscosity at shear rate in 150/s, 30/s, 5/s, 1/s, renal fibrosis serum markers, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were detected respectively in sham operation and model group; microcirculation microscope was used to observe the thread of hypoglottis and auricle in rats.

建立单侧输尿管梗阻致大鼠肾间质纤维化模型，观察肾间质纤维化大鼠全血粘度150/s切变率、30/s切变率、5/s切变率、1/s切变率、红细胞压积、舌下及耳廓的脉络变化，同时检测肾纤维化指标、血清肌酐及尿素氮。

On IVU, the signs indicating radiolucent ureteral calculus were as follows: full-length opacification of unilateral ureter with mild dilatation, abrupt narrowing of a segment of the ureter, break of opacification of a short segment of the ureter, thickened interureteric ridge, abrupt separating sign, obstructive nephrogram, filling defect and calculous staining.

IVU与阴性结石相关的征象有：一侧输尿管全程显影伴轻度扩张；输尿管某段突然萎陷变窄；输尿管某短段造影剂中断；输尿管间嵴增宽；截断征；梗阻性肾实质像；充盈缺损；结石染色。

FGFR4 expression was faint in renal vesicle and primitive tubules of S-shaped body, irrecognizable in urteric bud and podocyte of C-stage, negative in mesenchyme and condensing mesenchyme.

胚胎肾发生带内FGFR4表达微弱，肾囊泡和S型小体的上支和中间支，即原始肾小管上皮细胞部位有微弱表达，间充质、压缩间充质未见表达，输尿管芽及其末端壶腹和C-期足细胞表达不明显。

The granule could significantly ameliorate mesenchymal deposit of collagenⅠ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and α-SMA due to ureter ligation in rats with UUO, lower hyperexpression of TGF-β1 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA after renal injury, decrease the number of cells infiltrating into renal mesenchyma.

在单侧输尿管结扎大鼠中补肾生血颗粒剂能明显改善输尿管结扎所致的Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型胶原和α-SMA在肾间质中的沉积，降低肾脏损伤后亢进的TGF-β1 mRNA和TIMP-1 mRNA的水平；减少肾间质中浸润的〓T淋巴细胞数目。

objective to evaluate efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsyfor treating ureteral stones in situ,investigate the cause of higher re-treatment rate.methods total of 687 patients with ureteral stone were received eswl between january 2000 and december 2004,included 455 male(66.2%) and 232 female(33.8%) patients,6 cases have bilateral ureteral calculi,12 cases have unilateral multiple calculi.hence,together 709 ureteral calculi were treated.patients upper ureteral calculi were treated in the supine position,for lower ureteral calculi patients were turned prone.to reduce eswl-induced renal trauma and pain,using lower energy source,adjusted power setting from 9.8 to 13.2kv,limited 1500 shock wavs per one session.no auxiliary procedure were used before eswl.the stone size was measured as the surface area of stone length by stone width on x-ray film.the interval between two treatment sessions was two weeks.results of 709 ureteral calculi,the overall stone free rate was 97.3%(690 calculi),re-treatment rate was 34.1%(292 calculi).according to the performed treatment sessions,one session 467 calculi,the mean stone size 37.27mm2,stone free rate 65.4%(464 calculi).two sessions 138 calculi,the mean stone size 62.48mm2,stone free rate 18.4%(131calculi).three sessions 52 calculi,the mean stone size 79.60mm2,stone free rate 7.1%(50calculi).four sessions 19 calculi,the mean stone size 101.63mm2,stone free rate 2.4%(17calculi).fivesessions 33 calculi,the mean stone size 119.33mm2,stone free rate 3.9%(28 calculi).overall 19 cases(2.7%)turned to other treatment modalities.of 335 upper ureteral calculi,303 achieved stone free (95.8%),re-treatment rate was 38.5%(129 calculi).of 374 lower ureteral calculi,369 achieved stone free(98.7%),re-treatment rate was 30.2%(113 calculi).the re-treatment rate of upper ureteral calculi was higher than lower ureteral calculi(p＜0.05,χ2=5.40).the difference of stone-free rate between upper and lower ureteral calculi was no significant(p＞0.05,χ2=0.15).conclusion eswl should be considered first line therapy for ureteral stone still.stone burden are the main variable of higher re-treatment rate,upper ureteral stone may moving with respiring during eswl.so efficinet shock wave was decreared,re-treatment rate become higher.

目的 评估体外震波碎石治疗输尿管结石的疗效，探讨再治疗率高的原因及输尿管结石的治疗选择。方法回顾2000年1月～2004年12月间eswl治疗输尿管结石的临床资料687例，男455例（66.2%），女232例（33.8%），平均年龄46.6岁（15～83岁）。有双侧输尿管结石6例，单侧多发性输尿管结石12例（4颗1例，3颗2例，2颗9例），共计输尿管结石709颗（含透光结石13颗）。应用上海爱申公司生产的desunit6030型碎石机，c臂x线球管做结石定位。上段输尿管结石（肾盂输尿管交界处至骶髂关节上缘）取仰卧位，下段输尿管结石（骶髂关节上缘下至输尿管口）取俯卧位。为减少eswl引起的肾损伤和疼痛，应用较低的能量，震波发生器电压从9.8～13.2kv，震波频率1.5s。每次治疗设定为1500次震波。治疗后3天摄腹部平片或b超，以后每隔7日重复检查。假如结石未碎或有残留结石最长径＞3mm以上，再次eswl，两次治疗的间隔时间为两周。结石的大小用x线片上的表面积（mm2表示。结果 709颗输尿管结石总的治愈率为97.3%（690颗），再治疗率34.1%（242颗）。其中一次治疗467颗，平均结石大小37.27mm2，治愈464颗（65.4%），3颗改治疗；两次治疗138颗，平均结石大小62.48mm2，治愈131颗（18.5%），7颗改治疗；第1和第2次治疗治愈率（1个月治愈率）为83.8%。3次治疗52颗，平均结石大小79.60mm2，治愈50颗（7.1%），2颗改治疗；4次治疗19颗，平均结石大小101.63mm2，治愈17颗（2.4%），2颗改治疗；5次及5次以上治疗33颗，平均结石大小119.33mm2，治愈28颗（3.9%），5颗改治疗。总计19颗（2.7%）结石改变治疗方式。上段输尿管结石335颗，治愈321颗（95.8%），再治疗129颗（38.5%）。下段输尿管结石374颗，治愈369颗（98.7%），再治疗113颗（30.2%）。经χ2检验，上、下段输尿管结石的再治疗率差异有显著性（χ2=5.40，p＜0.05），治愈率差异无显著性（χ2=0.15，p＞0.05）。不良反应：血压升高13例（1.9%），震波区域疼痛26例（3.8%），震波进入处皮肤点状淤血33例（4.8%），肉眼血尿128例（18.6%），均于第2、3天自行消失。结论 eswl目前仍是输尿管结石的第一线治疗，结石的大小是再治疗率高的主要因素。结石的位置有影响，上段输尿管结石可随呼吸移动，有效震波次数减少，再治疗率比下段输尿管结石高。eswl前注重病例筛选可降低再治疗率。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。