输尿管的

Results:The following were observed and measured:the location where the genitofemoral nerve coming out from the psoas major,the plane of the location the highest plane of the iliac crest,common iliac vessels branch plane,the distance between the ureter and the lateral part of the psoas major,the distance between the genitofemoral nerve and the lateral part of the psoas major,the distance between the genitofemoral nerve and the ureter,the location at the decussation of the genitofemoral nerve and the ureter.

结果：观测了生殖股神经穿出腰大肌的位置；在穿出点平面、髂嵴最高点平面、髂总血管分叉平面，输尿管距离腰大肌外侧缘的水平距离，生殖股神经距离腰大肌外侧缘的水平距离，生殖股神经与输尿管的水平距离；生殖股神经与输尿管交叉点与腰大肌外侧缘的水平距离，交叉点距离髂嵴最高点平面的垂直距离。

Methods: Fresh canine kidneys and porcine ureters were harvested and subjected to thulium laser and femtosecond pulse laser , respectively.

分别采用铥激光和飞秒脉冲激光对离体犬肾组织和猪输尿管组织进行体外实验，观察(1)在模拟腹腔条件下，低流量冲洗液抑制铥激光产生烟雾的效果和(2)飞秒脉冲激光切割离体猪输尿管的效率与副损伤程度。

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of retrocaval ureter.

目的 探讨腔静脉后输尿管的诊断及治疗。

Objective To study the treatment and diagnosis of postcaval ureter.

目的 探讨腔静脉后输尿管的临床诊断与治疗。

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of postcaval ureter.

目的总结下腔静脉后输尿管的诊治经验。

Urography is a reliable method for the diagnosis of retrocaval ureter.

泌尿系造影检查是诊断下腔静脉后输尿管的可靠方法。

Objective To study the treatment and diagnosis of postcaval ureter.Methods Among8cases with postcaval ureter,6cases underwent ureteroureterostomy before vena cava,1case ureteroureterostomy after cutting inferior vena cava,1case right nephrectomy.

目的 探讨腔静脉后输尿管的临床诊断与治疗方法对8例腔静脉后输尿管中6例行腔静脉端端吻合，1例切断下腔静脉再吻合，1例行右肾切除术。

Abstract］ objective to evaluate the distinctive clinical value of magnetic resonance urographymru）in the diagnosis of primary ureteral carcinoma.methods to compare the accuracy of diagnosis of mru with ultrasonography,urography,retrograde ureteropyelography and ct,diagnostic imaging and progress of ureteral carcinoma were analyzed in twenty-four cases from 2000 to 2006,twenty cases had mru examinations.the original preoperative diagnostic reports of various imaging facilities were analyzed on account of the results of operation and pathology.results mru could clearly show the obstructive location of ureter.with regard to the ureteral carcinoma,accuracy of the location diagnosis was 100%.mru was superior to ulstrasonography,kub+ivp,ureteropyelography and ct we used to apply.conclusion comparing with other diagnostic imaging facilities,it has an important value in highly efficient,accurate location,safe,noninvasive and so on with mru,which can be used to show the features of primary ureteral carcinoma and has a wider scope of clinical application.

目的 探讨磁共振水成像技术在原发性输尿管肿瘤中的临床诊断价值。方法分析2000～2006年24例原发性输尿管肿瘤的影像学诊断结果，并基于术中所见和病理报告，将磁共振水成像技术20例）与超声24例）、泌尿系造影24例）、逆行造影15例）、ct(19例）的确诊率相比较。结果 mru能清晰显示输尿管的梗阻部位，定位诊断准确率为100%，梗阻病因确诊率高于b超、泌尿系造影、逆行造影和ct检查。结论与其他影像诊断方法相比较，磁共振水成像在显示原发性输尿管肿瘤特征方面具有效率高、定位准确和安全无创等重要价值，而且有更广泛的临床应用范围。

ConclusionIts diagnostic accuracy might be improved by combined use of many diagnostic means before surgery. Among those methods, B-ultrasound was the first line diagnostic method , IVP、retrograde ureteropyelography were the main diagnostic method. Ureterorenoscopy were the most important diagmostic method.

结论综合多种检查方法可提高原发性输尿管的确诊率：超声诊断简便无创、可重复，为首选方法；IVP、逆行输尿管肾盂造影是主要检查方法：输尿管镜检查应作为今后重点。

The peristalses of the dilated ureter could be seen but it disappeared in the end of the ionvolved ureter,which was of normal calibrc.Delay in the empty of ureter was seen.The ureter counter current from the bladder could not be found.

而扩张输尿管末端临近膀胱入口处管径正常，为功能性梗阻段，长度为1～2cm；（2）除功能性梗阻段以外，其余段输尿管的蠕动一般正常，早期有时可见高蠕动；（3）扩张输尿管排空延迟；（4）无膀胱输尿管返流；（5）本病的X线造影检查应选用大剂量静脉尿路造影，造影时早期解除腹压带，增加延迟摄片，并加照膀胱斜位点片，加强动态观察。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。