输尿管出血

MPCNL to treat upper urinary lithiasis shows advantages of less blood loss, less operative trauma, and shorter postoperative recovery time.

经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜碎石术是治疗上尿路结石的理想方法，具有损伤小、出血少、恢复快等优点。

Abstract］ objective to assess the efficacy and safety of holmium laser urethrotomy under ureteroscope to treat the urethral stricture.methods 16 cases were treated by holmium laser resection under ureteroscope.the length of the stricture was 0.1～1.0 cm.the blood loss and the complications as well as curative effect after operation were observed.results all of the cases were treated successfully with less bleeding and no severe complications.the maximal urinary flow rate improved obviously after operation.conclusion the holmium laser under ureteroscope demonstrates good effect to treat urethral stricture.

目的 探讨输尿管镜下钬激光切开术治疗尿道狭窄的疗效。方法 16例患者采用经尿道输尿管镜下钬激光切开术治疗，狭窄长度0.1～1.0 cm，观察其术中出血、术后并发症及疗效。结果 16例患者均顺利完成手术，疗效满意，术中出血少，术后最大尿流率较术前有明显改善，无严重并发症发生。结论输尿管镜下钬激光切开术治疗对尿道狭窄是一种安全、微创且行之有效的治疗方法。

Results Of the operation for 196 patients, intraoperative complications occurred in three patients, postoperative complications in 17, which included presacral venous hemorrhea, prostatic bleeding, ureteric injury, wound infection, anastomotic leakage, rectovaginal fistula, anastomotic stricture, fistulous necrosis and stricture, and acute urinary retention.

结果 196例直肠癌病人发生术中并发症3例(1.5%)，手术后并发症17例(8.7%)，包括骶前静脉大出血、前列腺出血、输尿管损伤、切口感染、吻合口漏、直肠阴道瘘、吻合口狭窄、急性尿潴留和造口坏死狭窄等。

Results Of the operation for 196 patients,intraoperative complications occurred in three patients,postoperative complications in 17,which included presacral venous hemorrhea,prostatic bleeding,ureteric injury,wound infection,anastomotic l...

结果196例直肠癌病人发生术中并发症3例(1.5%)，手术后并发症17例(8.7%)，包括骶前静脉大出血、前列腺出血、输尿管损伤、切口感染、吻合口漏、直肠阴道瘘、吻合口狭窄、急性尿潴留和造口坏死狭窄等。

There were no blood transfusion or serious complication in the study.Conclusions:Retroperitoneal laparoscopic operation,such as adrenalectomy,nephropexy,pelvioplasty,unroofing of renal cyst,pelvilithotomy,ureterdithotomy and spermatic vein ligation,have the advantages of minimai invasion,less blood loss and fewer complications,which is an effective and practical procedure.

后腹腔镜肾上腺瘤切除术、肾固定术、肾盂成形术、肾囊肿去顶术、肾盂或输尿管切开取石术及腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术具有创伤小、出血少、并发症少等优点，临床疗效可靠，实用性较强。

Retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy is effective in the treatment of upper and middle ureteric stones with advantages of less trauma and blood loss,short time of hospital stay and rapid recovery from operation.

后腹腔镜治疗输尿管中上段结石具有创伤小、出血少、住院时间短、患者术后恢复快等优点，是输尿管中上段结石有效的治疗方法。

Results:17 cases were abandoned because of stone migration to renal pelvis,8 cases were stopped owing to the tortuosity or the narrowness of ureters,5 cases failed because operation area was not clear,6 cases were managed by open ureterolithotomy because of ureteral perforation.

结果：17例手术中结石移位进入肾盂，无法碎石；8例因输尿管走行迂曲或输尿管狭窄置镜未成功；5例因局部出血或引流不畅导致视野不清终止手术；6例因输尿管穿孔而改开放手术。

The complications included one bladder injury, ureterovaginal fistula, intestinal injury, internal hemorrhage celiac abscess.

并发症包括膀胱损伤1例，输尿管阴道瘘1例，肠道损伤2例，内出血2例，盆腔脓肿1例。

Reformed surgery had the following features: We firstly resected the uterus and then dissected the pelvic lymph node. Urinary bladder gap and rectum gap were opened. After exposing the route of ureter, we excised the uterus artery at the point between the ureter and the uterus artery. Cardinal ligament and uterosacral ligament were cut off by electric knives.

改良式手术具有以下特点：先切除子宫再清扫盆腔淋巴结；进腹后直接打开膀胱子宫反折腹膜，膀胱侧窝及直肠侧窝，暴露输尿管行程，在子宫动脉跨过输尿管处钳夹切断子宫动脉；用电刀直接切除主韧带、骶韧带；清扫盆腔淋巴结时，淋巴断端及小血管分支出血均以钛夹钳夹处理。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。