输尿管

Abstract］ Objective To summarize the curative effect of retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy in the treatment of ureteric stones in upper and middle segment of ureter.Methods Retrospective analysis was taken to analyze the clinical data of persons who were treated with retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy.

目的 总结后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术对输尿管中上段结石的疗效方法对采用后腹腔镜治疗输尿管中上段结石患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。

Results 19 of 20 cases displayed negative ureterolith throuth miltis-lice helical CT with MIP and SSD of 3D.1 case was only uretero-narrow withoutstone.

结果 20例输尿管阴性结石患者CT扫描，并用最密度投影和表面遮盖法重建，19例满意显示输尿管结石，1例输尿管下端炎症狭窄，未显示结石。

In this paper,the results of ultrasonographic and clinical data of 93 acses with ureterolithiasis were analysed and the diagnostic value of ultrasonography in ureterolithiasis was studied. In 72 cases, 81 stones were displayed.

本文在论述了输尿管结石的超声显象方法及其声象图特征的基础上，通过对93例输尿管结石的超声显象资料和临床结果对照分析，探讨了输尿管结石的超声显象诊断价值。

The formatted nonenhanced spiral CT of ureter has potentil as an imaging for the ureterolithiasis with renal failure.

非增强螺旋CT输尿管重建可获得良好的输尿管成像，在输尿管结石并肾功能衰竭的诊断方面具有重要的临床价值。

Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of laparoscopy and open ureterolithotomy in the treatment of ureterastone and investigate the management pringciples of retroperi to neal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy.

目的 比较腹腔镜输尿管上段切开取石术与开放性输尿管上段切开取石术的疗效，并探讨腹腔镜经腹膜后途径行输尿管上段切开取石术的处理要点。

Results:17 cases were abandoned because of stone migration to renal pelvis,8 cases were stopped owing to the tortuosity or the narrowness of ureters,5 cases failed because operation area was not clear,6 cases were managed by open ureterolithotomy because of ureteral perforation.

结果：17例手术中结石移位进入肾盂，无法碎石；8例因输尿管走行迂曲或输尿管狭窄置镜未成功；5例因局部出血或引流不畅导致视野不清终止手术；6例因输尿管穿孔而改开放手术。

Ultrasonographymay be preliminary diagnostic method for ureteral carcinoma because it can showhydronephrosis,retrograde ureteropyelography and CT scanning were main diagnostic measures before operation.

残余段输尿管+膀胱部分切除术2例。结论 B超发现肾积水可作为初步筛选检查，逆行输尿管插管造影、CT是术前诊断输尿管癌的重要手段。

ConclusionIts diagnostic accuracy might be improved by combined use of many diagnostic means before surgery. Among those methods, B-ultrasound was the first line diagnostic method , IVP、retrograde ureteropyelography were the main diagnostic method. Ureterorenoscopy were the most important diagmostic method.

结论综合多种检查方法可提高原发性输尿管的确诊率：超声诊断简便无创、可重复，为首选方法；IVP、逆行输尿管肾盂造影是主要检查方法：输尿管镜检查应作为今后重点。

As the common implants in treatment of upper urinary tract diseases, ureter stent functions as stent and internal drainage, and relieve ureteral obstruction, prevent leakage of urine postoperatively and ureterostenosis.

输尿管支架作为上尿路疾病治疗中最常用的置入材料，具有支架和内引流双重作用，可缓解输尿管梗阻、防止置入后漏尿和输尿管狭窄。

Methods Bilateral ureter within single nipple for cutaneous ureterostomy was performed on 11 patients after radical cystectomy. The nipple was formed well, and urinary drainage was unobstructed.

采用单乳头输尿管一侧腹壁造口术式，即将左侧输尿管经乙状结肠腹膜后转移至右侧与该侧输尿管一并引出腹壁，形成单乳头，外接集尿袋。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。