输尿管

Three Cases with hydronephrosis were located in left kindey, and 3 cases in bilateral kidneys. Of 5 kidneys in 4 cases of ureteropelvic junction obstruction, Anderson-Heny's procedure was performed in 4 kidneys, and nephrectomy was performed in 1 hydronephrotic kidney because the renal function had lost. Cohen's procedure was performed in all 3 individual hydronephrotic kidneys in 2 cases.

病因及治疗：肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻4例5只肾，4只肾做了Anderson-Heny's手术，1只肾无功能行肾切除术；2例3只肾为巨输尿管症，均行Cohen's法输尿管膀胱移植术，其中1例合并膀胱重复畸形，手术中同时行共同壁切除；l例出生后肾积水渐减轻，未特殊处理，正在随访中。

Objectives: Avulsion of the ureteral mucosa is one of the most serious complications of ureteroscopy, because it can always result in ureteral imperforation without treatment.

目的： 输尿管粘膜剥脱是输尿管镜术中最严重的并发症之一，其直接后果可导致输尿管闭锁，但目前对这一并发症尚无理想的对策。

Results Ureteral calculuses were showed as high density image in CT scanning.The CT values of the ureteral calculuses less than 7.5mm in diameter were beyond 83HU.The detection rate by CT was 96.3%.In all the 82 cases,ureteral with calculuses were found dilated and 69 cases with nephrohydrosis.

结果 输尿管膀胱入口处结石具有特征性的CT表现，即圆形或枣核状钙化高密度影，结石直径＜7.5mm，CT值≥83HU，CT确诊率96.3%。82例均发现病侧输尿管增粗，69例发现病侧肾盂少量积水，肾盂未见积水的输尿管膀胱入口处结石13例，其结石直径＜3.8mm。

The CT values of the ureteral calculuses less than 7.5mm in diameter were beyond 83HU.The detection rate by CT was 96.3%.In all the 82 cases,ureteral with calculuses were found dilated and 69 cases with nephrohydrosis.In 13 cases with no nephrohydrosis,caculuses less than 3.8 mm in diameter were found.

结果 输尿管膀胱入口处结石具有特征性的CT表现，即圆形或枣核状钙化高密度影，结石直径＜7.5mm，CT值≥83HU，CT确诊率96.3%。82例均发现病侧输尿管增粗，69例发现病侧肾盂少量积水，肾盂未见积水的输尿管膀胱入口处结石13例，其结石直径＜3.8mm。

Results Of the 21 patients, 5 showed transplanted kidney swelling alone, 8 showed transplanted kidney swelling and perinephric dropsy, 1 showed atrophy and function failure of both kidney, 2 showed perinephric hemorrhage, 1 showed multiple small cysts, small calculi and perinephric dropsy of transplanted kidney, 1 showed ureteral fistula, ureteral stricture, hydronephrosis and infarct of subsegment kidney, 1 showed hydronephrosis and ureteral calculi, 1 showed swelling and pyonephrosis, and 1 showed rupture of transplanted kidney.

结果 21例患者中5例仅表现为移植肾肿胀，8例表现为移植肾肿胀并肾周积液；1例为双肾萎缩伴功能丧失；2例表现为移植肾周积血；1例表现为移植肾多发小囊肿、小结石并肾周积液；1例表现为移植肾输尿管旁尿瘘伴输尿管狭窄及肾积水、亚段肾梗死；1例表现为移植肾积水并输尿管结石；1例表现为移植肾肿胀，肾盂内积脓；1例表现为移植肾破裂。

The ureteral stents were kept between 6 to 14 days.The types of ureteral stents were resinic ureteral ducts and doluble"J" ureteral ducts. Results:The data of 364 patients who went through pneumatic lithotripsy before June 2004 were studied retrospetively.

结果：2002年5月～2004年6月，术后未放置输尿管支架管的89例患者中， 42％（37/89）出现输尿管绞痛、感染、尿外渗、发热和无尿等并发症；2004年7月～2006年3月，所有患者术后均放置输尿管支架管，术后无一例出现并发症。

Objective To compare the effects and complications of epidural anesthesia and combined sinal and epidural anesthesia for transurethral ureteroscope lithotripsy, and to discuss anesthesia methods for URL.

目的：观察比较硬膜外麻醉和腰麻硬膜外联合麻醉两种麻醉方法，用于输尿管镜及气压弹道碎石器行经尿道输尿管镜下碎石术的麻醉效果及并发症，探讨尿道输尿管镜下碎石手术的麻醉方法。

While detecting the patients with ureterolithiasis, if the width of renal pelvis is 0 mm, it is necessary to measure the width of another kidney and compare with them. If the width of ill renal pelvis is extended by 3 1 mm, the diagnosis of hydronephrosis can be established, then, combining with other signs, such as ureterectasis, the diagnosis of ureterolithiasis can be set up.

输尿管结石所致0 mm肾积水的发生率为 29 47％，超声诊断输尿管结石所致肾积水0 mm时应作两侧比较，当两侧集合系统宽度差别≥3 1 mm时，应考虑肾积水的存在，此时应结合临床、是否合并同侧输尿管扩张、合并结石等情况而作出肾积水的诊断。

Treatment of ureteric calculi with this method is safe,effective and less invasive.

采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石成功率高，安全可靠，可作为治疗输尿管中下段结石的首选方法。

Treatment of ureteric calculi with this method is safe,effective and less invasive.

采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石成功率高，安全可靠，可作为治疗输尿管中下段结石的首选方法。中国论文联盟http：//www.lwlm.com

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。