输尿管

With 3 months to 1 year tollow-up, no clinical presentation and complication observed in all cases, the nephrohydrosis was relieved and no stricture found in anastomosis according to imaging findings after operation.

结论对不明原冈的右肾及上段输尿管积水者应考虑有本病的可能，IVU、逆行尿路造影和磁共振尿路造影是主要诊断方法，其中磁共振尿路造影是理想的非侵入性诊断方法。

Objective: To sum up the experience of nursing complicated nephrolithotomy with ureteroscopy perioperation,and explore the effective nursing.

目的：总结经皮肾输尿管镜治疗复杂肾结石的护理措施的经验，探讨有效的方法。

Objective To evaluate the clinical safety efficiency of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with complicated upper ureter calculi.

目的 探讨经皮肾镜下应用第三代弹道超声碎石清石系统治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石的临床效果及操作体会方法总体分析海口市人民医院应用经皮肾镜取石术治疗91例患者的临床资料。

There were no blood transfusion or serious complication in the study.Conclusions:Retroperitoneal laparoscopic operation,such as adrenalectomy,nephropexy,pelvioplasty,unroofing of renal cyst,pelvilithotomy,ureterdithotomy and spermatic vein ligation,have the advantages of minimai invasion,less blood loss and fewer complications,which is an effective and practical procedure.

后腹腔镜肾上腺瘤切除术、肾固定术、肾盂成形术、肾囊肿去顶术、肾盂或输尿管切开取石术及腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术具有创伤小、出血少、并发症少等优点，临床疗效可靠，实用性较强。

Key words］ percutaneous nephrostomy;ureteroscope;urinary stones

关键词］经皮肾穿刺造瘘术；输尿管镜；尿路结石

The ureteral obstruction and associated hydronephrosis resolved after percutaneous nephrostomy and balloon dilatation of the stenotic ureter.

经气球撑开术及经皮肾脏引流术后，其因阻塞而造成的水肾及输尿管阻塞获得改善。

Percutaneous nephrostomy guided by Ultrasound and C-arm mobile fluoroscopy is a safe procedure and preoperative analyzing the high risk factors of complications and preparing the preservation methods may sublimate the security and therapeutic efficacy.

熟悉肾造瘘和输尿管内双J管置入术的操作程序，术前综合评估并发症产生的危险因素，并积极防范处理，可有效提高手术安全性和治疗效果。

The ureteroscopic holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy can he the first choice for the post-renal acute renal failure associated with upper urinary tract stones, due to its safety and efficiency. At the same time, retrograde intubation under cystoscope and percutaneous nephrostomy will be helpful.

上尿路梗阻是肾后性急性肾功能衰竭的主要原因，如能明确是结石引起的肾后性肾功能衰竭，应首选输尿管镜下钬激光碎石并置管引流；如不能明确，膀胱镜下逆行插管和经皮肾穿刺造瘘引流也是可行的急诊有效方法。

Preliminary drainage above the obstruction is sometimes needed to improve kidney function. Occasionally, permanent drainage and diversion by cutaneous ureterostomy, ileal or colonic loop diversion, or permanent nephrostomy is required.

有时为改善肾功能可先在梗阻上方置管引流，有时需作永久性引流，输尿管皮肤造口尿流改道术，回肠或结肠改道或永久性肾造口等。

The complicated ureter stone-streets were cured by trascutaˉneous nephrocentesis and nephrostomy through ureterocystoscope,haemostatic and antibiotic.The12patients hadn't variation of nephrofunction and recurrence of stone for following3-24months.

经皮肾穿刺造瘘术和输尿管镜取石，止血，抗炎等治疗后，排尽石头，随访3 月～2年未见肾功能改变和结石复发。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。