输尿管

ESWL isn't applicable for the patient with kidney casting mold-stone.The combinative treatments of transcutaneous nephrocentesis,nephrosˉtomy and ureterolithotomy through ureterocystoscope is effective,once ureter stone-street happensafter ESWL-treatˉment.

肾内铸型结石不适合用ESWL治疗；采用经皮肾穿刺造瘘术和输尿管镜取石等综合治疗输尿管石街的方法是有效的。

Traditionally, methods of urinary diversion include percutaneous nephrostomy, ureterocutaneostomy, ileal conduit and uretero-sigmoidostomy.

传统性的尿道分流方式有：经皮肾脏造瘻，输尿管皮肤造口术，回肠通路或输尿管乙状结肠吻合术。

Methods: From February 2002 to June 2006, 27 patients with upper urinary obstruction due to retroperitoneal fibrosis post-treatment of tumor, under went procedures including retrograde ureteral catheterization, intraluminal ureterotomy and/or balloon dilation, and percutaneous nephrostomy. The efficacy and major complications were summarized.

收集本院2002年l月至2006年6月的27例恶性肿瘤经治疗后发现腹膜后纤维化导致上尿路梗阻的患者，分别接受了经尿道逆行输尿管插管、输尿管狭窄内切开和／或扩张及经皮肾造瘘治疗，总结其疗效和主要并发症。

Results: All of 19 patients who received simple insertion and regular change of ureter stents experienced consistent improved renal function. Of 5 patients treated with antegrache or retrograde endoscopic ureterotomy/dilation and long-term indwelling of Di stent, 4 showed recovered and stable renal function, and 1 changed to nephrostomy because of unsatisfying outcomes. Three patients received permenant nephrostomy after unsuccessful endoscopic attempts and remained functionally uneventful.

结果：19例单纯输尿管内插入内支架管并定期更换，肾功能改善并基本保持稳定。5例采用顺行或逆行的输尿管镜内切开和／或扩张治疗，并长期停留双J管，4例肾功能有所恢复并稳定，1例效果不理想，改行肾造瘘。3例试行窥镜处理失败，改行长期肾造瘘，肾功能保持稳定。

For the pregnant women complicating with upper urinary tract calculi, ultrasound is the preliminary consideration. The percutaneous nephrostomy,urteroscopy,and even the double J stents inserting were safety choices.

妊娠期上尿路结石的诊断首选超声检查，治疗以保守治疗为主，外科治疗包括输尿管置管、经皮肾造瘘及输尿管镜腔内治疗。

Results Out of the4527paˉtients treated by ESWL,stones were excreted completely from4512patients within2weeks;12patients who had comˉplication of the urethra stone street were cured by transcutaneous nephrocentesis,nephrostomy and ureterolithotomy through uretercystoscope;stones weretaken out by operation from the other3patients,from whom the excretion of stones was not possible.

结果 经ESWL治疗的4527例泌尿系结石病人中，4512例在2周内排尽结石，12例并发输尿管&石街&，加用经皮肾穿刺造瘘和输尿管镜取石治疗，3例中转手术治疗。

Results Out of the4527paˉtients treated by ESWL,stones were excreted completely from4512patients within2weeks;12patients who had comˉplication of the urethra stone street were cured by transcutaneous nephrocentesis,nephrostomy and ureterolithotomy through uretercystoscope;stones weretaken out by operation from the other3patients,from whom the excretion of stones was not possible.

目的 探讨ESWL治疗泌尿系结石的效果。方法回顾性分析经ESWL治疗的4527例泌尿系结石病人。结果经ESWL治疗的4527例泌尿系结石病人中，4512例在2周内排尽结石，12例并发输尿管&石街&，加用经皮肾穿刺造瘘和输尿管镜取石治疗，3例中转手术治疗。

Objective To study the treatment and diagnosis of postcaval ureter.Methods Among8cases with postcaval ureter,6cases underwent ureteroureterostomy before vena cava,1case ureteroureterostomy after cutting inferior vena cava,1case right nephrectomy.

目的 探讨腔静脉后输尿管的临床诊断与治疗方法对8例腔静脉后输尿管中6例行腔静脉端端吻合，1例切断下腔静脉再吻合，1例行右肾切除术。

objective to discuss the nursing methods of acute postrenal renal calculus obstruction through ureteroscope.methods the preoperative and postorerative aborative nursing in 22 cases of patients with ureter calculus who were treated by emergency ureteroscope were analyzed retrospectively.results all patients became well and renal function was improved quickly after operation,after the timely treatment and nursing,none patients occured the serious complication.conclusion timely and right preoperative preparation,mental nursing and postoperative nursing were essential for the success of operation.

目的 讨论经尿道输尿管镜治疗急性肾后结石梗阻的护理方法。方法对22名患者进行急诊经尿道输尿管镜，治疗上尿路结石的术前、术后精心护理的回顾分析。结果所有患者顺利接受手术，术后患者全身状况、肾功能快速恢复，并发症得到及时治疗和护理，无一例发生严重并发症。结论及时准确的术前准备、心理护理、术后护理、是保证手术成功的重要保障。

Methods The diagnosis was obtained by using ultrasound, KUB, CT and cystoscopy retrograde urography. Obstruction was relieved by treatment with ESWL, one or bilateral ureterolithotomy, pyelolithotomy, ureterocatheterization or pyelostomy.

通过B超、KUB、CT膀胱镜逆行插管检查明确诊断，通过ESWL一侧或双侧输尿管切开取石，肾盂切开取石，输尿管内置双J管或肾造瘘等方法治疗解除梗阻。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。