输尿管

holmium laser lithotrity is an optimal way in patient with ureteral calculus that diameter in 2 cm, more inflammatory granulation tissue around calculus and no manifest obstruct under calculus.

对于直径＜2cm、结石处炎症肉芽组织多、结石下段无明显梗阻的输尿管结石，输尿管镜下钬激光碎石治疗仍是最好的选择。

Clew issues paragraph of calculous ureter to pure sex ureter the patient of lens lithotrity can not place double J valve, calm of applied hydrochloric acid alls alone Luo Xin can promote calculous eduction, and complication is little.

提示对单纯性输尿管下段结石输尿管镜碎石术的患者可不放置双J管，应用盐酸坦索罗辛可促进结石排出，且并发症少。

Data and method 1 · 1 clinical data this group 102, among them male 72, female 30, age 19~65 year old (average 42 years old); left ureter 55, on the right side of ureter 42, bilateral 5; among them lithotrity of the bow wave outside 1 routine body treats stone for many times to did not smash, after 2 are treated for ESWL, cause " stone street ".

湖北省黄石市爱康医院泌尿微创外科自2007年8月至今，应用瑞士EMS输尿管镜及气压弹道碎石机治疗输尿管结石，术后给予相应的护理办法，患者全部康复出院，取得满足效果。

Antegrade percutaneous access was obtained by X-ray perspective or B-type ultrasound guidance. A combination pneumatic and ultrasonic lithotrity was used to disintegrate and remove stone under direct vision.

患侧输尿管于膀胱镜下逆行留置5F输尿管导管，推注生理盐水以充盈肾盂。X射线透视或B超引导下穿刺目标肾盏，建立皮肾通道，肾镜下采用气压弹道联合超声碎石术。

Results Irritative symptoms (78%) and gross hematuria (36%) were the most common symptoms encountered in these patients.Acid-fast stains on urinary sediment were positive in 25% of cases and TB-PCR was positive in 40%.The diagnostic accuracy of IVU,retrograde urography and CT in these patients were 38%,63% and 44% respectively.33 patients underwent a nephrectomy and partial ureterectomy,one of them had a contralateral ureter reimplantation.One patients died of miliary tuberculosis. Conclusions Acid-fast stain remains a major pathogen-detecting tool and the value of TB-PCR needs to be confirmed.

结果 尿路刺激症状和血尿为最常见症状，分别为78%和36％。24小时尿抗酸杆菌和尿结核 PCR 的阳性率分别为25％和40％， IVU ，逆行尿路造影及 CT 的诊断符合率分别为38%，63%和44%。33例患者接受了肾及部分输尿管切除术，肾上盏结核病灶清除术1例，对侧输尿管膀胱吻合术1例及肾穿刺造瘘术1例。1例患者并发血行播散型结核死亡。

RESULTS: A total of 36 rabbit models, 6 in the 1-month therapy group and 8 in the 3-month therapy group were died from infection. In the 1-month therapy group, thick ureteric wall and smooth ureteric lumina developed without any contracture. Under the optical microscope, transitional epithelial cells covered throughout the inner walls and smooth muscle cells appeared sparsely in a mussy configuration. In addition, CKAE1/AE3 staining was positive butα-actin staining was very weak when checked by immunohistochemistry. In the 3-month therapy group, amnion-ureters were enclosed by their peripheral tissue and showed rich blood vessels and normal ureteric lumina without significant contracture, futher more, there had formed a well-arranged transitional epithelial layer and smooth muscular layer, the immunohistochemistry result showed that the expression of CKAE1/AE3 and α-actin were positive.

结果：36只大白兔中，1个月治疗组死亡6只，3个月治疗组死亡8只，死亡原因均为感染。1个月治疗组大白兔羊膜输尿管柔软，长4 cm，管壁变厚，无挛缩，移行上皮组织爬满内壁，平滑肌组织部分再生，但较稀疏，排列不规则；免疫组织化学检查提示CKAE1/AE3染色阳性，α-Actin染色微弱。3个月治疗组大白兔羊膜输尿管与周围粘连，有丰富的血运，无明显挛缩，管腔不缩小，已形成良好的移行上皮层和平滑肌层，免疫组织化学显示α-Actin和CKAE1/AE3染色均为阳性。

To approach the difference and treatment of carcinoma of ulreter and polyp of ureter in clinical manifestation and imageology.

目的 探讨输尿管癌和输尿管息肉在临床表现及影像学上的差异和治疗体会。

Among 65 cases,there were 57 cases of polypi and granulation tissue,8 of distal ureteral stricture.

结论输尿管镜钬激光碎石术，创伤小，并发症少，是治疗输尿管结石ESWL失败后的首选方法。

Pathological changes can happen at whole secrete urethral, when happening in urethral, ureter and renal pelvis, say respectively for polypous shape urethritis, polypous shape ureteritis and polypous shape pyelitis.

病变可发生于整个泌尿道，当发生在尿道、输尿管以及肾盂时，则分别称之为息肉状尿道炎、息肉状输尿管炎以及息肉状肾盂炎。

Retrograde pyelography plays an important role on preoperative diagnosis of primary ureteral carcinoma.

逆行输尿管肾盂造影对原发性输尿管癌术前确诊有重要价值。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。