输尿管

Results:Micturition of 12 patients became smooth,the function and shape of kidney,ureter and bladder became normal.

结果 ：12例排尿通畅，肾脏、输尿管、膀胱的功能形态恢复正常；2例合并糖尿病者排尿困难症状改善，残余尿量明显减少。

After being registered accurately with Photoshop 7.0 software, the male urological and reproductive organs such as kidney, adrenal, ureter, bladder, male urethra, prostate, spermaduct, seminal vesicle and the adjacent organs such as abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, thoracic duct, the lymph nodes beside abdominal aorta, the nephritic artery and vein, the intrailiac artery and vein, pelvis, the prostatic plexus and internal obturator muscle can be segmented and surface rendering three-dimensional reconstructed with 3D-DOCTOR software.

断面图像数据集经Photoshop 7.0软件精确对位、配准后，应用3D-DOCTOR 4.0软件，分别对男性泌尿生殖系统的肾脏、肾上腺、输尿管、膀胱、男性尿道、前列腺、输精管、精囊腺和泌尿生殖系统的毗邻器官腹主动脉、下腔静脉、胸导管、主动脉旁淋巴结、肾动静脉、髂内外动脉、骨盆、前列腺周围静脉丛、闭孔内肌等进行数据分割和三维面绘制重建。

With 3D-doctor software, kidney, adrenal, ureter, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, the nephritic artery and vein, the lymph nodes beside abdominal aorta, thoracic duct, the intrailiac artery and vein, pelvis, spermaduct, prostate, the prostatic plexus, bladder, male urethra and internal obturator muscle were segmented and three-dimensional reconstructed in P4 computer. 3. With photoshop7.0 software, the major organs of the male urological and reproductive system such as ureter, bladder, urethra, prostate were segmented and the grey- color mode images through segmentation were imported to AMIRA software.

应用连续图像分割软件3D-DOCTOR，分别对肾脏、肾上腺、输尿管、腹主动脉、下腔静脉、肾动静脉、腹腔淋巴结、胸导管、主动脉旁淋巴结、髂内外动静脉、骨盆、股骨、输精管、附睾、前列腺、前列腺周围静脉丛、膀胱、男性尿道、直肠、闭孔内肌、肛提肌、尾骨肌等结构进行结构数据的分割与提取，并在PentiumⅣ计算机上完成已分割结构的三维重建。

Results IVU and MRU patients were compared to displaying the renal pelvis and renal calices were 96.4% and 93.9%,the ureter was 85.7% and 93.9%,the postition of obstructive level was 89.3% and 90.9%.

结果 IVU与MRU比较，在显示肾盂肾盏(96.4%；93.9%)、输尿管(85.7%；93.9%)及梗阻平面的定位(89.3%；90.9%)方面，二者无显著差异。

Larger accumulations of lymph can cause complications or symptoms through the displacement or compression of surrounding organs (kidney, ureter, bladder, or gastrointestinal tract) or through the loss of protein.9,12,15 Moreover, superinfection of the lymphocele can occur.9

但大的淋巴聚集则可能造成并发症或是造成四周器官的压迫和移位（肾、输尿管、膀胱或胃肠道），也可以由于蛋白的丢失引起淋巴管瘤的重复感染。

Methods:260 patients,who suffered disease of adrenal glands,kidneys,ureter or bladders,were treated with laparoscopic surgery by retroperitoneal and transperitoneal approach.

目的：探讨后腹腔镜在治疗肾上腺、肾脏、输尿管、膀胱等脏器疾病中的临床效果。

Methods:260 patients,who suffered disease of adrenal glands,kidneys,ureter or bladders,were treated with laparoscopic surgery by retroperitoneal and transperitoneal approach.

作者：汪清，吴群，王胜军，马力克，郭峰，艾合买提，姜有涛，艾尔肯目的：探讨后腹腔镜在治疗肾上腺、肾脏、输尿管、膀胱等脏器疾病中的临床效果。

Cases with renal transplantation were performed with dynamic state CDFIin Ultrasound Dept. of Nan fang Hospital from April, 2005 to October, 2006. Theexamine time is respectively after operation in three days, seven days, one month andthree months. Before operation examine the condition of uropoiesis function such as apair of kidney, ureter, bladder and cardiac function. After operation reexamine thecondition of cardiac function once again, and examine TK detailed and completely:First, using two-dimensional imaging to observe the shape and the volume of the TK.Secondly, using Color Doppler to observe the renal artery and each artery inside theTK. Finally, using pulsed Doppler to measure the peak systolic velocity, enddiastolic velocity and resistance index.

对南方医科大学南方医院超声诊断科自2005年4月～2006年10月对152例同种异体肾移植患者进行动态CDFI监测，超声检查时间分别为术前与术后3d、术后7d、1个月及术后3个月，术前超声检查双肾、输尿管、膀胱等泌尿系功能情况及心脏功能情况，肾移植术后再次对心脏功能情况进行跟踪复查，并对移植肾进行详尽检查：先用二维超声观察移植肾的形态、大小，随后应用CDFI观察移植肾动脉及肾内各级动脉的血流充盈情况，最后用脉冲式多普勒测量收缩期峰值流速、舒张末期流速、阻力指数。

The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.

泌尿系统包括肾、输尿管、膀胱和尿道。

Objective: To studay the clinical effects of retroperitoneal laporoscopic surgery in the management of adrenal glands, kidneys, ureters and bladders diseases.

目的：探讨腹腔镜在治疗肾上腺、肾脏、输尿管、膀胱等泌尿系统疾病中的临床效果。

As of Tuesday, Google's results were still censored in China.

截至周二，谷歌的搜索结果仍受中国审查。

In order to make the positive action increase and negative one decrease, the sub-forces of the social factors must be adjusted to form a centripetal force.

在这一过程中，人的主体性发挥是社会有机体健康发展的灵魂。