输入输出子系统

Based on the concepts presented above, four types of new models are proposed:(1) a production system adopting single operational strategy and setting common buffer,(2) a production system adopting single operational strategy and not setting common buffer,(3) a tandem production system adopting hybrid operational strategies,(4) a supply chain adopting hybrid operational strategies.

所谓对称，是指在生产系统分解后，同一个搬运车既作为某个子系统的输出端，同时又作为另一些子系统的输入端。对称分解方法的难点在于，在子系统中，搬运车的服务过程不同于原来的服务过程。在子系统中，把原系统中的阻塞和空闲等待过程，模拟成虚拟的服务过程，所以需要计算阻塞和空闲等待时间。

The reduced dynamic model including motor dynamics is developed for nonholonomic mobile manipulators. The system is then decomposed into four lower-dimensional subsystems by applying diffeomorphism and nonlinear input transformation to the reduced model. The design of robust controller is also addressed for the output tracking of mobile manipulators.

首先给出了包括驱动电机动态特性的非完整移动机械臂的简化动态模型，然后通过微分同胚和输入变换将其分解为四个低阶子系统，并给出了其输出跟踪的滑模控制器设计方法。

Firstly, the reduced dynamic model including motor dynamics is developed for mobile manipulators. The system is then decomposed into four lower-dimensional subsystems by applying diffeomorphism and nonlinear input transformation to the reduced model. The design of the second order dynamical sliding mode controller is then addressed for the output tracking of mobile manipulators.

首先给出了包括驱动电机动态特性的移动机械臂的简化动态模型，然后通过微分同胚和输入变换将其分解为四个低阶子系统，并给出了其输出跟踪的二阶动态滑模控制器的设计方法。

College of Guandong Business, Guanzhou 510320, China）Abstract: Since large-scale vertical quench furnace is voluminous, whose working condition is a typically complex process with distributed parameter, nonlinear, multi-inputs/multi-outputs, close coupled variables, etc, dynamically decoupling control algorithm of temperature distributed parameter system in the furnace was presented, by which the whole system was decoupled to several subsystems and the implementation of controller was simplified. With finite difference approximation, the space and time step size was solved to ensure the convergency of finite difference approximation. After decoupling, the subsystems were controlled with self-learning PID control algorithm. The results show that the temperature control precision and homogeneity are improved; the overshoot and process in temperature rising period are reduced simultaneity.

摘 要：针对大型立式淬火炉体积庞大，工况复杂，炉内温度分布呈本征非均匀性，具有多输入/多输出、非线性、强耦合等特性，难以实现炉内温度高精度高均匀性控制目标等问题，提出一种温度分布参数系统动态解耦控制算法，其原理是：采用有限维逼近方法将对象解耦为多个独立的子系统，简化控制器的实现过程；通过分析有限维逼近方法的收敛性，获得保证收敛性的空间和时间步长应满足的条件；解耦后的子系统采用自学习PID控制算法，实现炉内温度高精度和高均匀性控制以及升温过程的快速性和小超调。

Today the software is becoming more and more dependent on the hardware platform, especially the I/O subsystem. There are usually a mass of data that from the video or audio source to be processed, sometime they even need to be real time processed.

今天的软件应用越来越依赖于硬件平台，特别是输入输出子系统，日常应用中常常会出现从视频源和音频源传来的大量的流数据要处理，甚至有许多的数据是要求实时处理的。

This System enables one to four persons to work simultaneously and input and output conveniently many kinds of data and images Corresponding to the four hardware subsystems, its software is composed of four software packages: magnetic tape recorder data collecting package, image displaying package thematic mapping package and remote sensing image applied processing package.

它的硬件部分以四台微机为主，采用分布式联接，组成四个子系统，可供1—4人同时操作，能方便地输入输出多种数据和图像。该系统的软件部分，由对应硬件子系统的四个软件包组成，即磁带机数据采集软件包，图像显示软件包，专题制图软件包及遥感应用处理软件包。

Within the integreted system,the function of the data-basedmanagement sub-system is to input,store,inquire and calculatedata;the function of graphic data management sub-system is toinput,store,inquire,display,output and transform data;thefunction of digital terrain model sub-system is to displaythree dimention graph,calculate slope,aspect and hilling;thefunction of general analysis model sub-system is to make multi-factor statistical analysis such as regression analysis;thefunction of applied model sub-system is to predict the amountof soil erosion,evaluate the land resource and make land useplanning.

属性数据管理子系统具有对属性数据进行输入、存储、检索、统计的功能；图形数据管理子系统具有对图形进行输入、存储、查询、显示、输出及数据格式转换的功能；数字地形模型子系统具有显示三维图形及计算坡度、坡向和阴影的功能；一般分析模型提供了在多因子分析中常用的诸如回归分析等模型；应用模型开发了计算土壤侵蚀量、进行土地资源评价及土地利用规划的模型。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。