输入端

With this mode of working the base-emitter circuit is the input side;and the emitter through base to collector circuit the output side.although these have a common path through base and emitter, the two circuit are effectively separated by the fast that as far as polarity of the base circuit is concerned,the base and upper half of the transistor are connected as a reverse biased diode.hence there is no current flow from the base circuit into the collector circuit.

这一工作模式下，基极-发射极电路是输入端，发射极通过基极，再到集电极电路的输出端。虽然它们都有一个共同的路径通过基极和发射极，这两个电路是通过和基极电路相关的尽可能的有效快速分离开的，基极和基极以上的一半以上的晶体管作为一个反偏二极管与之相连接。

The integrated circuit also has at least a second current feeding circuit having an output connected to the feeding point for the first current feeding circuit, a feeding point connectable to a feeding voltage, and a control input for controlling the programming of the NPN-transistor.

所述集成电路还包括至少一第二电流馈电电路，所述第二电流馈电电路具有一连接至所述第一电流馈电电路的所述馈电点的输出端、一可连接至一馈电电压的馈电点及一用于控制对所述NPN晶体管进行所述编程的控制输入端。

An optical cross-connect, comprises at least one controllable switch module and a distribution frame, which may be monitored by means of a network management system, the external and internal optical distributor inputs and outputs of which (ir1 to irn, er1 to ern) may be connected within the distribution frame, by means of several optical connection paths.

要约 光学的交叉连接器有至少一个可控制的开关模块和经过网络管理系统可监控的一个分配器框架，其外部和内部的光学分配器输入端和分配器输出端(ir1至irn，er1至ern)在分配器框架内经过多个光学的连接导线是可以连接的。

The airflow aroused by a butterfly flapping its wings over southern half-globe maybe lead to tornado over northern half-globe after several weeks' "combination", which is "butterfly effect" in chaos theory. It refers to a phenomenon depending on sensitivity of initial condition: the tittle difference in input will quickly amplify into overwhelming discrimination in fan-out.

一只蝴蝶在南半球扇动翅膀鼓起的气流经过几星期的"组合"，可能会导致北半球刮起龙卷风，这是混沌学理论中的"蝴蝶效应"，指对初始条件敏感性的一种依赖现象：输入端微小的差别会迅速放大到输出端压倒一切的差别。

An Open-loop control system utilizes an actuating device to control the process directly without using feedback.

开环控制(Open-loop Control)——系统的输出端与输入端之间不存在反馈回路，输出量对系统的控制作用没有影响。

In a further innovation, MSR Electronics has fitted the datalogger with an alarm output and one input for starting and stopping data recording.

更深层次的创新在于： MSR 公司给记录仪量身制作了一个警报输出端和一个用于启动和关闭记录仪的输入端。

The analysis of the optical signal transmission characteristics and the physical parameters provides the theoretical foundation for optimizing the design and improving the performance of AWG; and the optimizing design numerical value calculation method solves the complex problem of the optimizing design of the AWG, it can also provide a way for AWG computer aided design system; the AWG optical signal processing analysis provide a way for optical signal Fourier transform, serial and parallel transmission, circle shift, matrix transform and differential processing; the optical signal processing characteristics of AWG develop AWG to use for new field, and the optical signal processing will play an important role on all-optical networks in the future; by the definition of the wavelength transform matrix of the AWG, the signal output positions that come from these input signals of the different wavelength or the same wavelength but the different input ports and carrying different signals can be accurately determined, and the wavelength transmission matrix plays an important role for analyzing the routing of the complex optical network, or designing the network nodes such as the optical path add/drop multiplexer and optical cross connect device; the wavelength transmission matrix also provides a method for monitoring and managing the wavelength transmission of the optical network nodes; e analysis of the AWG' OXC node structure and wavelength routing provides a way for realizing the OXC, especially for multi-path/multi-wavelength OXC and the intelligence node of the optical networks; by the studying of the control plain characteristics, router, traffic engineering, program and the improved arithmetic of the wavelength routing, the method for realizing the GMPLS' OXC optical transport network is provided, and it play an important role for the study of the automatic switched optical network; the time-frequency analysis can provide more information about the dispersion and energy changes of .the pulsed light transmission in the singlemode fiber, it also provides more useful parameters for analyzing the dispersive accumulating and dispersive compensating.

AWG光信号传输特性与相关参数的分析，为进一步优化设计AWG及提高其性能提供了理论依据，而优化设计计算数值方法解决了AWG优化设计计算的复杂问题，为进一步建立AWG的计算机设计系统提供了基础；AWG光信号处理的特性分析，提出了AWG应用的新领域，为光信号的傅立叶变换、串并传输、循环移位、矩阵变换、微分处理等提供了一条途径；波长传输矩阵变换关系的建立，不仅得到了确定多路AWG每路信号从输入端口到输出端口的准确输出位置的方法，而且在分析应用AWG实现复杂的光通信网络路由的连接、特别在设计分插复用器和交叉连接器等网络节点时有重要的作用，能有效而准确地确定波长的路由关系，为实现节点波长传输路由的监控和管理提供有效手段；基于AWG的OXC结构和波长路由的确定为实现OXC技术、特别是多路多波长的OXC和光网络的智能节点技术提供了有效的方法；控制平面的特征、路由器、流量工程、程序及改进的波长路由算法的研究实现了基于GMPLS的OXC光传送网络的控制平面，为建立自动交换光网路提供了一定的基础；时频分析可以更直观和更清晰地描述脉冲信号在单模光纤中传输色散和能量的变化，为色散积累和色散补偿提供有效的分析参数。

When a user selects a switch setting, the signal passing through the box may be directed either from a single input to one of two outputs, or from the selected input to a single output.

当用户选择某一开关设置时，通过盒子的信号会从一个输入端传到两个输出端中的某一个，或 An 另见 switch (定义 1) enclosure that contains 。

Used for the generation of nonsinusoidal waves in which the output of each active device is coupled back to the input of the other to sustain oscillations.

一种产生非正弦波的张驰振荡器，其中，每个有源器件的输出端要反馈到另一器件的输入端以维持振荡。

A type of relaxation oscillator used for the generation of nonsinusoidal waves in which the output of each active device is coupled back to the input of the other to sustain oscillations.

一种产生非正弦波的张驰振荡器，其中，每个有源器件的输出端要反馈到另一器件的输入端以维持振荡。振动装置；震动器；颤动按摩器

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。