输入端

This measure ensures a significant improvement of the network's robustness as verified by computer simulation example, in which some hoise or outliers is added to the input of the network.

通过计算机的仿真实验说明：当所训练的网络输入端有噪声或异常值时，网络具有良好的稳健性，这也证实了该方法的有效性。

This FET gate input has approxi- mately 2pF of shunt capacitance.

这FET的栅极输入端并联边界建立三方共同2pF电容。

Aesthetic simplicity seems to be the theme, with the Novo packing one input only.

简洁的设计是它的主题，只具有一组输入端。

The environment light intensity is converted into a high or a low electric level of RA2 which is one of the input ports of single chip microcomputer through a photoresistance MG44-2.The AD module will sample and the result will be stored in the work register then compared with a prestablished quantity.

基于PIC16F877A单片机的电子时间引信LCD背光控制，将环境光强度通过MG44-2光敏电阻器转换为单片机输入端口RA2上的电平高低，经模数转换模块进行采样，其结果存入工作寄存器，并与预先设定值相比较。

The device is retriggerable and resettable, and the control inputs are

此器件可重复触发和复位，而且控制输入端是内部锁存的

Thus, even large values of capacitance shunting the input will have negligible effect on rise time.

所以，即使并联在输入端的电容很大，其对上升时间的影响也很小。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

AMF electromagnetic flowmeter function characteristic: The entire Chinese menu, the large screen four line of high definition LCD back light demonstrated: 1st, does not need to hit the starting blank pipe warning function; 2 provide the sensing sensor section misalignment revision function; 3 frequency quantities output 4----the 20MA output, flows to the output, the cumulant pulse output; 4 cumulant valve value outputs the RS485 output; 5 use the international advanced fabrication technology, the stable property, remarkable; 6 input the port to be equipped with the safe anti-radar protection; 7 automatic controls, the measuring range bound may establish voluntarily; 8 regurgitation to measurement; 9 small signal excisions; 10 use highly effective, the high stability PWM wave excitation constant current; 11 damping times elect; after 12 power failures, data long-term preservation; 13 scaling factors not fluid characteristic, active status, influences and so on conductivity.

AMF电磁流量计功能特点：中全中文菜单，大屏幕四行高清晰度LCD背光显示：1，无需打开机空管报警功能；2 提供传感传感器段非线性修正功能；3 频率量输出4----20MA输出，流向输出，累积量脉冲输出；4 累积量阀值输出RS485输出；5 采用国际先进的制造工艺，性能稳定，卓越；6 输入端口均设有安全防雷保护；7 自动调节，量程上下限可自行设定；8下反流向计量；9 小信号切除；10 采用高效，高稳定度PWM波励磁恒流源；11 阻尼时间选；12 断电后数据长期保存；13 仪表系数不受流体特性，工作状态，电导率等影响。

Firstly, counterchanges the control signal coordinate, behind, forecasts and filters the waves according to the α-β-γ filter arithmetic, finally, reverts the forecasting result coordinate, and inputs the forecasting result...

根据复合控制原理，对控制信号首先进行坐标变换，然后依据α-β-γ滤波算法进行预测和滤波，最后，对预测结果进行坐标还原，将预测值加到伺服控制的输入端。

Applications on noise absorption of DC motor, power supply input, surge absorption of inductive load, bypass condenser, communication line protection and prevention from electricity surge were put forward because of higher performance requirement on weapon system.

针对武器系统的高性能要求，本文提出了SrTiO3基压敏电阻在直流电机消噪、电源输入端、吸收电感性负载开关浪涌、旁路电容器、通信线路防护、防止电涌冲击等方面的应用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。