输入电压

Firstly, based on the sliding mode control and backstepping technique, a new attitude tracking controller is derived to control the attitude motion of spacecraft, the stability of the system is analyzed via Lyapunov method and the reaction wheel dynamics is also considered from the real applications point of view. The whole design process is divided into two steps: the first step is to use sliding control technique to design suppositional adaptive variable structure controller; and the second step is to design attitude tracking controller based on SMC and backstepping technique. Numerical simulations are performed to show that both tracking maneuver and vibration suppression can be accomplished effectively.

首先，采用自适应后步法结合主动振动控制技术设计了姿态跟踪鲁棒控制器，基于Lyapunov方法分析了系统的渐近稳定性；在此基础上，显性地考虑了执行机构动态特性问题，将整个设计过程分为两个步骤：第一步采用滑模控制技术设计了变结构虚拟控制器，给出自适应控制律的设计方法；第二步，将后步法与滑模控制技术相结合，设计了姿态跟踪鲁棒控制器，给出飞轮电压的输入算法及稳定性分析；最后，将提出的控制方法应用于挠性航天器的姿态跟踪控制，通过数值仿真对所提方法的可行性与有效性进行分析和验证。

However it can not be widely used in industry because of commutation problem, low voltage transformation ratio and complicated PWM method.

本文介绍了一种新型的矩阵变换器—稀疏矩阵变换器，它具有传统的矩阵变换器的优点：四象限运行；没有直流环节的储能元件和高质量的输入电流/输出电压波形。

Sensor type: strain gauge with input: 0–400 Kg and output voltage: 0–20 mV.

传感器类型：应变仪输入： 400公斤，输出电压： 0-20 mV之间。

At last, the multi-slice model for the representation of skew is built, which can directly calculate the starting current and starting torque of energy-saving motor according to terminal voltage, the reliability of this method is verified by comparing the values between calculation and test.

最后论文建立了考虑转子斜槽结构的多截面有限元模型，以端电压为输入量，可直接计算出节能电机的起动电流和起动转矩，计算结果与实测数据的比较验证了该方法的可靠性。

Touch relays in the limit switch Rams Head, and measuring the 电笔 into the fire point have to measure its output point eletroless, the limit switch damaged ended no signal voltage circuits to post.

用手隔绝不张力继电器洋限位不开关的撞头，并用电笔测其进火不面有电，测其不不不不不不不输入不面无电，外明该限位不开关败坏，由此导致了不克不及不收回暗记电压使后级电路处事的障碍。

Subsequently, owing to the self-adaptability of the amplifier gain, the amplifier adjusts the self-gain according to the input RF signal amplitude, leads the output voltage to be stable, and ensures the normal operation of the sub-step circuit.

而后由于放大器增益的自适应性，放大器根据输入的RF信号幅度调节自身增益使得输出电压稳定，保证了后级电路的正常工作。

Finally, the simulation of the system and the experimental results of PWM rectifier are presented. The results of the simulation and experiment indicate that the input power factor is close to 1, the output voltage of the rectifier is stable and the high quality charge and discharge: current of the accumulator is achieved, current ripple is small.

本文最后给出了系统的仿真和PWM整流器实验波形，仿真和实验的结果表明：系统实现了输入功率因数接近1，变流器输出电压稳定；获得了较高质量的蓄电池充放电电流，电流纹波小。

The uncertainty of each of the comparators is related to the input offset voltage and the response time given in the specifications.

每一个比较器的不确定性与在说明书中的描述了的输入偏移电压和响应时间有关。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。