辐散

It is shown that the variation of water temperature profile, the water mixing intensity and the convergence/divergence processes could have significant influences to the amount of anchovy eggs and their distribution in the water column.

调查结果表明：水温垂直分布的变化、海水混合的强弱、水体的辐聚／辐散等物理过程对水体中鳀鱼鱼卵数量和鳀鱼鱼卵在不同水层的分布有很大影响。

Both theory and practice analysis illustrate that stronger divergence field results from uneven distributed horizontal wind field on the right when high level current axis slopes. Owing to convectional wind convergence at low level responds to high level divergence and leads to storm.

理论和实际分析均表明：高空急流轴一旦发生倾斜，则由于其出口区水平风场的分布不均匀势必会在倾斜急流轴出口区的右侧产生较强的辐散场，由于对流风的作用，低层辐合必然会对高层辐散产生响应，诱发暴雨发生。

Further, by using the set of equations derived above, a modified potential vorticity equation more suitable for the study of mesoscale systems is developed, in which the term of divergence is involved explicitly on the right hand side.

进一步，利用此新方程组，推导出适用于中尺度系统研究的新的位涡方程，新位涡方程突出的特点是，与中尺度系统发生、发展密切相关的散度项显式出现在方程的右端；这为研究中尺度系统演变过程中，辐合、辐散效应对系统位涡收支的影响、进而研究中尺度系统发生、发展的热、动力学过程提供了方法。

Numerical tests are also conducted to investigate the microphysical effects to the mesocale convective systems. The evaporation of raindrops can strengthen the surface "cold pool" to decease the temperature of rainfall center. The condensation of vapor can lower the air pressure and increase the convergence and updraft so that the convective echo develops stronger. The melting of graupel can cool the air to restrain the convective activity. The falling of precipitation particles can increase the downdraft and induce the outflow nearly the surface. The effect of condensation is the most important among all the microphysical processes. It can change the whole structure of cloud system.

微物理过程对对流系统发展和维持有重要作用：强降水的雨滴蒸发过程会加强"冷池"效应，同时增强了雨带南侧原有的地面中尺度辐合线；凝结潜热在低层诱发了与回波相应尺度的中尺度低压，增强了辐合和上升运动，促进对流发展；霰的融化吸热通过冷却大气会不利于气压下降、气流辐合抬升等过程，降低对流不稳定能量，减缓对流发展；重力拖曳使气块冷却降温，降低对流不稳定能量，并且使低层的气压升高、气流辐散，在近地面附近产生出流，加强地面中尺度辐合线的强度。

The results suggest that the squall line occurred under the favorable weather conditions.

结果表明：飑线是在有利的天气形势下发生的，飑线上强风暴的强度大、高度高；飑线速度剖面图中显示有低层辐散、中层辐合、高层辐散的特征；垂直累积液态水含量迅猛增加到比较大的数值对冰雹预报有很好的指示意义；在冰雹指数产品中以强冰雹概率大于30%作为冰雹预警门限则有较好的效果；边界层辐合线起到了触发对流和加强对流的作用。

Convergence is stronger than divergence in the Polar Front Zone,indicating that a part of the converging water must come from the cold water transporting northward from south of PFZ and contribute to the formation and maintenance of the lateral temperature gradient of SAF.

极锋区(PFZ，指极锋PF与亚南极锋SAF之间的区域)中辐聚大于辐散，部分辐聚的水体必定来自极锋以南向北输送的温度更低的上层水，对SAF水平温度梯度的形成和维持做出贡献。

It is forecast that NARI will strengthen at less than climatological rate before crossing the ridge axis due to the combined effect of improving poleward outflow and restricted equatorward outflow, together with generally warm sea surface temperatures and moderate vertical wind shear.

受到转好的极向辐散通道、被阻碍的横向辐散通道、较暖的海水及中等的垂直风切变的影响，百合可於未来 48 小时稍为增强至一级台风。

It is shown that GPS/PWV data with an time interval of 30 minutes reflected spatial and temporal changes of atmospheric vapor intuitionally and duly, the features of GPS/PWV changes had corresponding relations with the precipitation, the divergence of GPS/PWV showed the distributions of the convergence and divergence of atmospheric vapor.

分析还表明：每30min一次的GPS/Pwv资料能直观地、及时地反映大气中水汽的时间变化和空间变化；GPS/Pwv资料随时间的演变特征与降水有较好的对应关系；GPS/Pwv的散度资料可以反映大气中水汽的辐合、辐散分布情况。

The flow field construct of meso-β cloud clusters which bring the heavy-hard rainfall in northeast plateau is that the low level cloud cluster is located in the south of converging region, the southern low level influx converged in the cloud cluster and have some affection on the setting up of the rainstorm in the low level. In the middle level, the cloud cluster is lied in near the westerly trough and the southwest airflow ahead of the trough constantly transmits water vapor to the cloud cluster. In the high level, there are a pair of high and low pressure centers around cloud clusters and are obvious divergence airflow, and there is weak ageostrophic high level outflux along pressure force.

产生高原东北部地区大到暴雨天气过程的中—β尺度云团的流场结构特征是：在低层，云团位于辐合区的南部，低层的偏南低空入流在云团内辐合，对大到暴雨的形成有一定的作用；在中层，云团位于西风带低槽附近，槽前的西南气流不断地给云团输送水汽；在高层，云团附近有一对高、低压中心，为明显的辐散气流，沿气压梯度力方向有强度不强的非地转高空出流。

The severe storms on the squall line had large radar reflectivity and high tops of echoes. There was a divergence at lower level, a convergence at middle level, and a divergence at upper level in the velocity cross section of the squall. The VIL (Vertical Integrated Liquid water) of the storms increased rapidly to a large value, which is a good indictor of hailstorm. When the probability of severe hail is larger than 30% according to the hail index products, a hail storm is very likely to happen. The convergence line in the boundary can trigger and intensify convections.

结果表明：飑线是在有利的天气形势下发生的，飑线上强风暴的强度大、高度高；飑线速度剖面图中显示有低层辐散、中层辐合、高层辐散的特征；垂直累积液态水含量迅猛增加到比较大的数值对冰雹预报有很好的指示意义；在冰雹指数产品中以强冰雹概率大于30%作为冰雹预警门限则有较好的效果；边界层辐合线起到了触发对流和加强对流的作用。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。