辐射通量

At one time, we emphasized the solar radiation transfer mechanics. To advance the estimation precision, in this paper, we classed land cover into four layer, canopy of Robinia pseudoacacia L ,top of Melilotus albus Desr,bottome of Melilotus albus Desr and layer of soil, separately estimated their fluxes of moisture, heat and CO2 ,actualized the separated simulation for each composement in soil-vegetation-atmosphere contimuum.

同时，本次研究强调了太阳辐射在冠层间的辐射传输机制，为了提高估算精度，本文把地表覆盖分为刺槐冠层，草木樨上层、草木樨下层及土壤层四个层面来分别估算其水热及CO2通量，做到了土壤-植被-大气连续体能量及物质通量的分离模拟。

The following conclusions have been made in this paper.(1) Based on CO_2 flux data of eddy covariance, variation characteristics of gross primary productivity in four flux observation stations were studied, which are an alpine meadow, an alpine shrub meadow, a swamp alpine meadow and a steppe alpine meadow at Dongxiong. The results show that photosynthetic capacity of the alpine meadow is the highest, and the annual total GPP is 652.2g C/m~2. Daily-differencing approach is used to analyze the random error of CO_2 fluxes measurements. The results show that the distribution of random error follows more closely follows a double-exponential, rather than a normal distribution, capturing the high peak and thick tail, and the random error varies with environment variables, which violates the assumptions for the ordinary least squares fitting with normality and homoscedasticity, consequently, we introduce maximum likelihood method for parameter optimization.

本文主要在以下几个方面开展工作并获得了一些认知和结论：(1)通过分析样带区域内高寒草甸、高寒灌丛、沼泽化湿地和草原化高寒草甸四个通量观测站点草地生态系统总初级生产力变化特征，研究结果表明HBBT矮嵩草草甸生态系统植被光合作用能力较强，年GPP总量为652.2 gC/m~2，明显高于其他三种生态系统；通过利用"单塔日变化法"获得四站点通量观测数据随机误差，结果表明通量观测随机误差概率分布呈现尖峰厚尾的特征，与正态分布相比，更服从双边指数分布，进一步分析表明通量观测随机误差随环境变量(风速、温度和光合有效辐射)的变化而变化，这违背了普通最小二乘法进行生态过程模型参数优化正态分布且误差同质的假设，因此本研究中引入最大似然法进行生态过程模型参数优化。

A prediction model has been proposed to deal with threshold voltage shift as a function of 1MeV neutron flux and gate oxide thickness, and to deal with room-temperature annealing of threshold voltage shift induced-by 〓Coγ as a function of electric field and gate oxide thickness. The commonness and individuality of MOS device degradation between hot-carrier effect and ionizing radiation were investigated. The dependence of substrate current, gate current and threshold voltage shift due to hot-carrier on gate oxide thickness were simulated with MEDICI-2D simulator. The photocurrents of PN junction and bipolar transistor were studied. Their transient responses on varied bias voltages, pulse durations and absorbed doses were simulated. The influences of NPN base width on base and collector photocurrents were investigated. We also studied 1MeV neutron displacement damage in PN junction, and calculated reverse current leakage under the neutron flux of 2. 67×10〓 per square centimeter. 3 The study of nondestructive screening method for MOS radiation tolerance A theoretical and experimental study of nondestructive screening methods for radiation tolerance of nMOS and pMOS were firstly fulfilled. We determined the informative parameters pertinent to the method and proposed how to deal with experimental data and verify obtained results statistically, as well as make the required steps for nondestructive screening. Based on the experimental data of 180 samples of discrete pMOS devices, the relation between sample quantity and correlation coefficient, screening equation, and other significant results were obtained from the threshold voltage shifts of pre-and post-irradiation samples.

二、分立器件电离和位移辐射损伤响应研究在国内首次开展了电离辐射引起的氧化层阈值电压漂移和退火理论研究，编程计算了1MeV中子引起的MOS器件阈值电压漂移与中子通量及栅氧厚度的关系，计算了〓Coγ光子引起的阈值电压漂移及退火的时效曲线与纵向电场和栅氧厚度的关系等，对评估MOS型集成电路电离损伤和加固方法研究，以及论文中开展的MOSFETs无损筛选方法研究奠定了基础；分析了MOS器件热载流子损伤效应与辐射电离损伤效应之间的异同性，利用二维模拟软件MEDICI-2D模拟了衬底电流和栅电流，在不同栅氧厚度下随栅压的变化曲线，计算了热载流子效应造成的阈值电压漂移，研究结果对当前存在的以热载流子效应研究取代电离辐射损伤实验研究的设想，具有重要的参考价值；开展了PN结和双极晶体管电离光电流研究，计算了不同偏压、不同辐射脉宽和不同吸收剂量下PN结光电流的瞬时响应，计算了不同辐射脉宽下NPN晶体管基极电流和收集极电流的瞬时响应，以及基区宽度对NPN晶体管光电流的影响，研究结果对双极器件抗电离辐射损伤响应及加固方法研究具有重要意义；在国内首次开展了器件位移损伤的理论研究，分析了辐射产生的缺陷对电性能的影响，计算了注量为2.67×10〓cm〓的1MeV中子产生的缺陷对PN结反向电流的影响。

Environment factor effected the water vapor flux variation. Net radiation and ground heat were key factors to affect water vapor flux.

环境因子在很大程度上制约着水汽通量的变化，以净辐射和土壤热通量地温对水汽通量的影响最大。

To evaluate the simulations of the four-stream model for solar radiative flux reflected by land surface in land surface model, the four-stream model and the two-stream model were coupled into land surface process model.

利用第2次雪模式比较计划SNOWMIP资料和改进的10层陆面模式BATS进行耦合试验，将四流模式以及二流模式均耦合到该陆面模式中，其目的是为考察四流模式对陆面模式模拟地表反射太阳短波辐射通量的影响。

The accumulated self-exciting dose for Na-24 is only 1.12 mGy during its average life-time for irradiation of total thermal neutron fluence of 3.6E12 nth/cm^2. Conclusions: Because of the self-exciting dose reduced from neutron activation can be neglected for gamma dose measurement in neutron and gamma mixed field, and the threshold of linear response is 2 Gy, the FWT-70-40 dosimeter not only can be used for high dose rate Co-60 irradiation field and the high energy electron beam for medical purpose, but also can be used for gamma dose measurement in an epithermal neutron beam for boron neutron capture therapy.

型号FWT-70-4OM）剂量计於BNCT高中子通量与剂量的中子、加马混合辐射场所产生的自激剂量，对加马剂量度量干扰可忽略，且对加马的最低剂量限值为2Gy，因此除可应用於钴60加马高剂量辐射场与放射治疗用高能量、高剂量电子射束的剂量度量外，亦可应用於BNCT照射治疗用高能量、高剂量的中子、加马混合辐射场的加马剂量度量。

Ratio of the radiant flux emitted to the power consumed.

辐射源发射的辐射通量与消耗功率之比。

The luminous flux is visible component that is defined in radiant flux divided by relative sensitivity of human eyes over the visible spectrum.

光通量是可见的组件，它是在辐射通量以人眼的相对灵敏度分歧可见光谱定义。

A piece - wise function in the dependence of burning rate on the radiant flux and its break point are important characteristics of burning of double base propellants under external irradiation.

燃速与辐射通量之间的关系可以由两支相交直线构成的线性方程进行描述，其中折点是外界辐射能作用下固体双基推进剂燃烧的一个重要特征。

The choice and extraction of IR features used to separate tatgets from decoys Feature extraction is to get feature vectors for recognizing targets and decoys from their spectral radiant flux.

二、用于区分目标和诱饵的红外特征的选择和提取特征的选择和提取即是要从光谱辐射通量得到用于区分目标和诱饵的识别特征矢量，主要进展有下面几点： 1。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。