辐射的

The modified expression of the broad emission-line profiles ire derived for the outflow kinematics model of the BLR driven by the radiation pressure. Taking into account the difference between the two lines HeI λ5876 and Hβ, it is shown the fact that the observed line width of HeIλ 5876 is broader than that of Hβ cannot be explained by the popular outflow BLR model evoked by W. G. Mathews. For comparison, line profiles of the gravitational infall model and orbital disk model are also calculated; the later is in good agreement with the observations Thereupon, conclusion is reached that the gravitational infall is an important process in the real BLR gas motion.

1推导了辐射压加速宽线云团径向外流，以及引力下落和转动等BLR运动学模型的谱线轮廓表达式，并考虑到光致电离计算表明的云团本身对Hβ和HeIλ5876谱线的辐射差异，用数值方法计算了它们的谱线轮廓，发现普遍流行的辐射加速气体外流模型不能解释HeIλ5876线宽大于Hβ线宽的观测事实，而引力下落模型则可以较好地解释观测，因此我们倾向于认为、径向内流运动很可能是BLR内的发射线云团真实运动的一个重要成分。

The former hypothesis is mainly based on mathematical linear extrapolation from effects observed by high doses. This notion advocates the linear assumption of radiation risk and that there is no lower limit to the amount of radiation that causes short- or long-term damage. The latter is the countervailing hypothesis-radiation hormesis.

前者主要依据高辐射剂量效应的观察，用数学线性补插法来求低剂量之效应，主张：辐射剂量会造成短或长期的伤害，且无低限值的；后者的证明来自於广泛的流行病学观察和实验研究的科学资料，这些证明指出辐射对人的伤害有确定的阀值剂量。

In the frame of constructing hydrodynamical model, some basic assumptions and equations were described in detail. Besides, there are three distinguish improvements above the former work: a new formula of chromosphere radiative loss was deduced out, which can roughly reproduce the results calculated by detailed non-LTE theory; a new physical process, i.e.

在构造耀斑动力学模型理论框架中，我们详细交待了基本假设和基本方程组，以及方程中各项的选取情况；针对现有耀斑动力学模型色球研究的不足，文中导得了新的色球辐射损失经验公式，它基本能够再生现有详细非局部热动平衡计算结果，较以前的处理方法有很大程度上的改善；引入了以前在耀斑环研究中从未被考虑过的日冕软x辐射加热色球的能量过程，推得了日冕软x辐射色球沉积的自恰公式。

The infrared radiation characteristics of unsymmetrically two dimensional nozzle are experimentally studied. UTDN is designed and manufactured by prolonging one broad side of a general two-dimensional nozzle AR8 and its aspect radio is 8. Temperature distribution on the axes and spectral IR intensity on the orientation of 0, 10, 30, 60 and 90° on three typical detective planes of the hot plume are measured on hot plume simulation platform of the turbo fan engine.

为了研究非对称二元喷管(Unsymmetrically two-dimensional nozzle， UTDN)的红外辐射特性，首先以宽高比为8的常规二元喷管(AR8)为基础，设计加工了UTDN，然后在涡扇发动机热喷流实验台上测量了UTDN轴线上的温度分布以及在后半球典型探测面内0， 10， 30， 60和90°方向上的红外光谱辐射强度，积分得到辐射强度的空间分布，并在相同的实验条件下，与AR8进行了比较。

Relation equation between blackbody temperature and two color gray ratio of thermal radiation image was set up.

3进行激光熔池测温专用软件需求和可行性分析，描述了激光熔池热辐射图像的数据流程，采用模块化思想进行软件设计，基于数字图像处理技术，开发出一套激光再制造熔池测温专用软件，详细介绍了热辐射图像的数据采集、输入/输出、图像处理、温度计算模块及程序设计开发。4介绍了常用黑体辐射源的结构、加热控温方式和性能评价方式，对不同类型的黑体辐射源进行了详细描述，选择中国计量科学研究院的标准高温黑体辐射源进行温度标定，建立了热辐射图像比色值与温度之间的对应关系。

In order to understand the effect of UV-B radiation on systematic water metabolism in plants, this review outlined domestic and international achievements in the last 30 years relating to the physiology and biochemistry of plants under UV-B radiation, such as root activity, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, and changes in leaf proline and soluble sugar content at different plant developmental stages. The effect of UV-B radiation on stomatal behavior and related mechanisms including a variety of signal molecule (ABA, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, etc.) content and the role of signal molecules in stomatal activity were also reviewed.

为系统了解UV-B辐射对植物水分代谢的影响，本文从生理、生化两个角度概述了近30年国内外相关方面的研究成果，内容涉及UV-B辐射对植物根系活力、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率及植物不同发育期叶片脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量的影响；总结了UV-B辐射对植物气孔行为的影响及相关机理，包括植物体内ABA、H2O2、NO等信号分子含量的变化以及这些信号分子在调节气孔行为方面发挥的作用。

The results showed that the temperature of main parts of ship was different in a day, and it was also different among these parts at the same time. The radiant intensity was different around the ship at different time, and it was also different at the same time with different azimuth angle, and it increased with the increase in elevation angle.

模拟结果表明舰船的主要部位的表面温度在一天之中变化显著，且在同一时刻部位间的温度也存在明显差异；舰船不同时刻的辐射强度沿周向差异显著，同一时刻不同方位角上的辐射强度存在一定差异，同一时刻同一方位角上的辐射强度随仰角的增大而增大。

The accumulated self-exciting dose for Na-24 is only 1.12 mGy during its average life-time for irradiation of total thermal neutron fluence of 3.6E12 nth/cm^2. Conclusions: Because of the self-exciting dose reduced from neutron activation can be neglected for gamma dose measurement in neutron and gamma mixed field, and the threshold of linear response is 2 Gy, the FWT-70-40 dosimeter not only can be used for high dose rate Co-60 irradiation field and the high energy electron beam for medical purpose, but also can be used for gamma dose measurement in an epithermal neutron beam for boron neutron capture therapy.

型号FWT-70-4OM）剂量计於BNCT高中子通量与剂量的中子、加马混合辐射场所产生的自激剂量，对加马剂量度量干扰可忽略，且对加马的最低剂量限值为2Gy，因此除可应用於钴60加马高剂量辐射场与放射治疗用高能量、高剂量电子射束的剂量度量外，亦可应用於BNCT照射治疗用高能量、高剂量的中子、加马混合辐射场的加马剂量度量。

The study on themechanisums has been a hotspot of biology and radiobiology.

值得关注的是，自从国外学者提出电离辐射旁效应概念以来，许多研究者证实旁效应的存在，对&照射细胞核才会引起细胞致命的损伤&&只有受照射细胞才受到损伤&等某些传统观念提出了有力的挑战，辐射诱导的基因不稳定性、细胞质受到照射所致的突变及旁效应等在辐射致癌中同样具有重要作用，并得到放射生物学界的确认。

A flame temperature can be determined from an analysis of the radiation spectrum emitted by a gas burning flame in conjunction with the use of an optimized alg o rithm. This approach simplifies the calibration of the absolute radiation intens ity of a flame as demanded by the conventional two color method.

通过对优化算法的尝试利用从气体燃烧火焰发出的辐射光谱拟合分析出火焰燃烧温度的方法，简化了传统测温用双色法所要求的火焰绝对辐射强度的标定，同时有助于了解火焰辐射黑度随波长的变化规律。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。