辐射的

Three LEDs biology light sources with different intensity for cell or tissue culture have been developed in the third part of this thesis. A concave lens to expand the beams of light, to focus the rays of light and an array of LEDs being set in the sphere connected with Fresnel lenses are three newly-designed in our systems.

实际测试数据表明：低强度光源输出的辐射照度范围为0.0021—0.9961(W／m~2)，在直径20mm的照射面积内所测辐射照度的标准偏差为0.02W／m~2(n=40，Mean：0.71 W／m~2)；中等强度光源输出的辐射照度范围为0.3579—11.2286(W／m~2)，在直径30mm照射面积内所测辐射照度的标准偏差为0.02W／m~2n=60，Mean：6.37 W／m~2；较高强度光源输出的辐射照度范围为17—110(W／m~2，在直径40mm照射面积内所测辐射照度的标准偏差为0.02W／m~2(n=80，Mean：71.54 W／m~2)。

Floor heating systems have been used since ancient times due to their advantages over other heating systems. Previous studies are mainly on the floor heating systems using hot water. There is insufficient study, to the author's knowledge, about floor heating systems using electric heating cords. In the thesis, the heat-transfer characteristics and comfort for the floor heating system and ceiling panel heating system using electric heating cords were investigated.

地板辐射采暖系统与其它采暖方式相比，因许多优点它已有多年的使用和发展历史，在相关研究文献中，大都采用低温热水地板辐射采暖为研究对象，相对而言，电热地板辐射采暖系统的研究文献比较欠缺，为此，本文研究了电热地板辐射采暖和顶棚辐射采暖两种形式下的传热特性和室内热舒适性。

The investigation on radioactivity level s of radioactive source storehouses and surrounding environment were conducted in logging CO.

对大庆测井公司放射源库及周围环境的放射性水平进行了调查，调查内容分为环境空气气溶胶辐射水平、水环境辐射水平、环境地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率及土壤环境辐射水平四个方面。

The investigation on radioactivity levels of radioactive source storehouses and surrounding environment were conducted in logging CO.

对大庆测井公司放射源库及周围环境的放射性水平进行了调查，调查内容分为环境空气气溶胶辐射水平、水环境辐射水平、环境地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率及土壤环境辐射水平四个方面。

In this dissertation, the problems in the radiometry design of remote sensor, such as polarization, stray radiation, radiometric sensitivity and radiometric accuracy, are studied individually in three parts.

本文分三个部分，分别研究了遥感器辐射度学设计中存在的偏振问题、杂散辐射问题以及辐射灵敏度和辐射度精度问题。

A prediction model has been proposed to deal with threshold voltage shift as a function of 1MeV neutron flux and gate oxide thickness, and to deal with room-temperature annealing of threshold voltage shift induced-by 〓Coγ as a function of electric field and gate oxide thickness. The commonness and individuality of MOS device degradation between hot-carrier effect and ionizing radiation were investigated. The dependence of substrate current, gate current and threshold voltage shift due to hot-carrier on gate oxide thickness were simulated with MEDICI-2D simulator. The photocurrents of PN junction and bipolar transistor were studied. Their transient responses on varied bias voltages, pulse durations and absorbed doses were simulated. The influences of NPN base width on base and collector photocurrents were investigated. We also studied 1MeV neutron displacement damage in PN junction, and calculated reverse current leakage under the neutron flux of 2. 67×10〓 per square centimeter. 3 The study of nondestructive screening method for MOS radiation tolerance A theoretical and experimental study of nondestructive screening methods for radiation tolerance of nMOS and pMOS were firstly fulfilled. We determined the informative parameters pertinent to the method and proposed how to deal with experimental data and verify obtained results statistically, as well as make the required steps for nondestructive screening. Based on the experimental data of 180 samples of discrete pMOS devices, the relation between sample quantity and correlation coefficient, screening equation, and other significant results were obtained from the threshold voltage shifts of pre-and post-irradiation samples.

二、分立器件电离和位移辐射损伤响应研究在国内首次开展了电离辐射引起的氧化层阈值电压漂移和退火理论研究，编程计算了1MeV中子引起的MOS器件阈值电压漂移与中子通量及栅氧厚度的关系，计算了〓Coγ光子引起的阈值电压漂移及退火的时效曲线与纵向电场和栅氧厚度的关系等，对评估MOS型集成电路电离损伤和加固方法研究，以及论文中开展的MOSFETs无损筛选方法研究奠定了基础；分析了MOS器件热载流子损伤效应与辐射电离损伤效应之间的异同性，利用二维模拟软件MEDICI-2D模拟了衬底电流和栅电流，在不同栅氧厚度下随栅压的变化曲线，计算了热载流子效应造成的阈值电压漂移，研究结果对当前存在的以热载流子效应研究取代电离辐射损伤实验研究的设想，具有重要的参考价值；开展了PN结和双极晶体管电离光电流研究，计算了不同偏压、不同辐射脉宽和不同吸收剂量下PN结光电流的瞬时响应，计算了不同辐射脉宽下NPN晶体管基极电流和收集极电流的瞬时响应，以及基区宽度对NPN晶体管光电流的影响，研究结果对双极器件抗电离辐射损伤响应及加固方法研究具有重要意义；在国内首次开展了器件位移损伤的理论研究，分析了辐射产生的缺陷对电性能的影响，计算了注量为2.67×10〓cm〓的1MeV中子产生的缺陷对PN结反向电流的影响。

We also give the synchrocurvature radiation spectrum in plasma and explore the effects of plasma on its self-absorption properties.

虽然在真空中同步曲率辐射与同步辐射一样没有负吸收放大作用，但等离子体对辐射谱和自吸收性质有重大影响，在考虑活动星系核等天体中等离子体的辐射问题时必须考虑。

Effects of solar ultraviolet radiation on the growth and photosynthesis of the economic brown alga Hizikia fusiformis were investigated while exposed to full spectrum solar radiation (280－700 nm), solar radiation depleted of UV-B (320－700 nm) and solar radiation deprived of total UVR (400－700 nm) in order to understand its responses to changes in solar UVR.

为探讨经济褐藻羊栖菜对阳光紫外辐射变化的响应，我们在全波段阳光辐射(280－700 nm)，去除UV-B辐射(320－700 nm)以及光合有效辐射PAR (400－700 nm)三种辐射条件下对其进行培养，测定了其光合作用与生长的变化。

Numerical results show that ARM may be decoyed to a trapped area if the power and initial phase of the radiation filed of the decoy relative to the radar are set to some appropriate values.

数值计算表明，通过合理设置雷达诱饵布阵距离、诱饵辐射功率与雷达副瓣辐射功率的相对大小及诱饵辐射场与雷达辐射场初始相位的相对关系，可以使反辐射导弹跟踪进入雷达和诱饵之间的陷阱区域。

In addition to the standard stormtrooper utility belt, radtroopers carry survival equipment with anti-radiation pills, detoxification hypos, a radiation tent, a water purifier, and a radiation meter.

除了标准的暴风战士武装带，辐射部队还有生存设备，包括反辐射药片，消毒用具，防辐射帐篷，水消毒器和辐射度表。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。