辐射热的

By using infrared thermal radiation , capillary vessel is made to distend in body deep tissue, blood circulation accelerates, ulteriorly speed up the human body's absorption of medicine, accelerate metabolism, ameliorate organic nutrition and finally achieve the aim of therapy and health care.

红外线热辐射：通过红外线热辐射使人体深部组织的毛细血管扩张，血液循环加快，进一步加速人体对药物的吸收，促进新陈代谢，改善组织营养，从而达到治疗保健的目的。

In the analysis, firstly, the flux boundary condition is used to simulate the frictional heat resource between wheel and rail. The non-steady heat transfer between the contacting surfaces of the wheel/rail, heat-convection and radiation between the wheel/rail and the ambient were all taken into consideration. Therefore, a heat coupling model of the wheel/rail in rolling/sliding is put forward to calculate the frictional temperature rise in the wheel and rail. Secondly, after the temperature distribution of wheel/rail, due to friction, is calculated, substitute the thermal load with equivalent fictitious body force and boundary distributed force loaded on the nodes of the corresponding elements. The wheel-load is applied to the center of the wheel.

首先，用热流边界条件模拟轮轨接触界面的摩擦热源，考虑轮轨间的非稳态热传导、轮轨自由表面与环境的热对流、热辐射的影响，建立轮轨滚动接触热耦合有限元计算模型，分析计算轮轨滚、滑工况下的摩擦温升；其次，以求得的轮轨温度场结果作为求解轮轨应力场的已知条件，轮载以集中力形式直接加载于轮心处，将摩擦温升引起的热载荷等效为假想体力和热边界面力，施加于相应的单元节点上，建立了轮轨热—机械载荷耦合作用的热弹性平面应力模型，分析热—机械载荷作用下的轮轨应力场。

This thesis developed physics model of radiant panel heating and cooling room based on previous studies. Computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT was applied to study the thermal environment of radiant panel heating and cooling room. The distributions of temperature and velocity of rooms of radiant floor heating and cooling, radiant ceiling heatingand cooling and radiant wall heating and cooling are gained.

本文在总结前人经验的基础上，分别建立了辐射板采暖和辐射板供冷房间的物理模型，利用商业软件Fluent对采用辐射板采暖系统和辐射板供冷系统房间内的热环境进行了模拟研究，分别得到了辐射板布置在地板、墙面和顶板三种不同方式下的采暖和供冷房间内的温度和速度分布情况。

Floor heating systems have been used since ancient times due to their advantages over other heating systems. Previous studies are mainly on the floor heating systems using hot water. There is insufficient study, to the author's knowledge, about floor heating systems using electric heating cords. In the thesis, the heat-transfer characteristics and comfort for the floor heating system and ceiling panel heating system using electric heating cords were investigated.

地板辐射采暖系统与其它采暖方式相比，因许多优点它已有多年的使用和发展历史，在相关研究文献中，大都采用低温热水地板辐射采暖为研究对象，相对而言，电热地板辐射采暖系统的研究文献比较欠缺，为此，本文研究了电热地板辐射采暖和顶棚辐射采暖两种形式下的传热特性和室内热舒适性。

The calculation has the specific feature that both radiation emission and self-absorption are taken into account.

其特点是不仅考虑了热辐射的发射问题，同时考虑了等离子体内热辐射的自吸收问题。

This thesis analyzes the types and art trait of solar-assisted heat pump water heater, the development trend of direct expansion solar-assisted heat pump water heater, makes a summary of these research results from six aspects. On the basis of these works and from the point of view of receiving optimum solar radiation , the thesis develops a novel design model of direct expansion solar-assisted heat pump water heater with a truncated cone collector/evaporator, theoretically analyzes the heat that the system can absorb, compares its ability with other two types of cylinder and flat plate ones, and calculates COP and EER with computer aids. The results show that a truncated cone direct expansion solar-assisted heat pump water heater can absorb not only more solar energy but heat energy in air. It takes on favorable thermal performance. Under the average day in February which is of the worst weather throughout the year in Kunming, the COP is about 4. 2, EER is about 2.9 . The heat absorbed by the system are more than those of the other systems. The system is very great in terms of saving

本文分析研究了太阳能热泵热水系统的分类及技术特点，直膨式太阳能热泵技术国内外发展趋势，从六个方面对直膨式太阳能热泵热水系统的研究进行了归纳总结；在此基础之上，从太阳辐射的最佳接收考虑，提出了集热器／蒸发器为圆台侧面的圆台型直膨式太阳能热泵热水器的设计模型，理论上分析了这种热水系统所接收的太阳辐射和得热量，并与圆柱型、平板型的直膨式太阳能热泵热水系统进行对比分析，通过计算机辅助模拟计算出：系统不但可以有效地吸收太阳能，还能有效地吸收空气中的热量，具有良好的热性能；在昆明，以2月为代表的冬季，其太阳辐照较低，系统的制热系数COP值也能达到4.2，效能比EER值为2.9；系统的得热量高出圆柱型、平板型的直膨式太阳能热泵热水系统，节能效果明显。

The main characteristics include: the quiet Sun corona has a rapid response to the flare heating, within 2 second the corona temperature increases nearly one order of magnitude, but later such increase becomes very slowly; the downward velocity at early stage of impulsive phase is too small to be negnected; chromospheric evaporation made by conduction shows some intensely, the maximum evaporated velocity may be as large as 1000 km/s; the chromospheric condensation appears just when the chromospheric evaporation takes place and its place always coincide with that of transition region in the early stage; the maximum of chromospheric condensation occurs also in the early stage of impulsive phase, at which the density in condensation may be larger two order of magnitude than that of surround and the downward velocity may be as large as 100 km/s; after the maximum of chromospheric condensation, its strongth decreases gradually but its width becomes greater with time and have a tendency to transport into deep chromosphere; the front of chromospheric condensation heats atmosphere obviously and the temperature in the chromospheric condensation is higher than the original case; the downware velocity of transition region may be greater than 100 km/s at the early stage; when the evaporated material collide at the top of loop, the densityand the presure there increase rapidly, which result in the formation of a shock wave; and so on.

在改善色球辐射损失和精确分辨过渡区的基础上，通过联立求解连续性方程、动量方程和能量方程，构造了一维磁限制性耀斑环在热沉积作用下的大气动力学模型，获得了耀斑热模型下脉冲相早期较为细致的大气演化理论图象，其主要特征是：耀斑对宁静日冕的加热相当迅速，仅2秒钟日冕温度增加即达一个量级，之后日冕温度增加缓慢；脉冲相早期日冕向下速度很小，几乎可以忽略，热传导驱动色球蒸发，其过程较为激烈，蒸发极大速度可达到1000km/s；色球压缩区与色球蒸发几乎同时形成，且在早期其位置总是与过渡区位置重合；色球压缩极大发生在脉冲相早期，其时密度可高于周围约2个量级，向下速度可超过100km/s；色球压缩极大后，其强度逐渐减弱，但宽度明显增大，且渐渐脱离过渡区往色球传播；压缩区内物质温度要高于原先的大气温度；过渡区下降在脉冲相早期相当迅速，可超过100km/s；当蒸发物质在环顶高速相碰时，环顶的密度、压力迅速增大，且温度也有所增加，导致形成激波，其波面以每秒上百公里的速度自环顶向下传播；在脉冲相前期，日冕软x辐射对色球的加热作用可以忽略；等。

Based on it, the computation method of steam temperature deviation of superheaters and reheaters and the inversion method of their wall metallic temperature in furnace are deduced, and applied in several boilers.

本文通过对过热器和再热器烟气侧对流与辐射复合换热过程的分析，建立了过热器和再热器各受热管段烟气侧局部传热的物理数学模型，导出了适用于大型电站锅炉过热器和再热器的出口汽温计算及炉内管壁金属温度的反演方法。

Nozzle flow was assumed to be frozen, and convective and radiative heat transfer from gas to solid wall was considered. Discretization of the governing equations was performed with two order upstream scheme, and radiative heat transfer equation was solved with Discrete Ordinates method. Absorption coefficient of water vapor was calculated by Leckner formula.

计算中，假定塞式喷管中的流动为冻结流动，考虑燃气向壁面的对流换热和辐射换热；采用二阶迎风格式离散控制方程，及DO模型离散求解辐射换热方程，水蒸气的吸收系数根据Leckner公式计算。

The radiative properties of syngas mixture were calculated by weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model. The Ranz- Marshall correlation for Nusselt number was used to account for convection heat transfer between gas phase and particles. The discrete ordinates model was used for modeling of the radiative heat transfer, and the effect of ash/slag particles on radiative heat transfer was considered.

温度场计算肘基于灰气体加权和模型与离散坐标法相结合的方法求解热辐射方程，同时考虑了煤渣颗粒的热辐射和散射影响，利用Ranz-Marshall关系式计算气固相间对流换热作用。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。