辐射度

The result shows that there is a good single-valued relationship between the ratio and the temperature of an emission body under some given conditions,and the impact of radiant emittance on the measurement of temperature was reduced to some extent.

结果表明，适当选取四个测量点的波长、四波长之差值及测量点波长带宽，该比率与被测辐射体温度之间有良好的单值关系，并可一定程度上消除物体单色辐射率对测温的影响。

The results indicated that the earth's surface temperature and air temperature of the desert comparing the oasis of the variety range are higher and ascend and descend of the speed are quicker; As the ascend and descend changes of air relative humidity and temperature are different at each observation spot, the variety curve of the air pressure of daytime shows the single type of wave; At each observation spot the predominant direction of wind was mainly souther, still having the southeast or southwester at 12:00-18:00; Wind speed almost is 0 at 20:00; The clean radiation at the morning and the evening of desert are higher than in oasis, the clean radiation in oasis in the daytime is bigger than in desert.

结果表明，沙漠地表面温度和气温升降速度比绿洲观测点要快、变化幅度大；由于各观测点空气相对湿度和温度升降度不同，使得各观测点的气压升降幅度也不同，白天气压的变化曲线呈单蜂型；各观测点在12：00到18：00期间主导风向主要是南风，还有东南或西南风，在20：00时风速几乎为0；早上和晚上沙漠的净辐射高于绿洲，白天近地面净辐射绿洲大于沙漠；对绿洲气象要素时空效应特征分析，为棉花等绿洲优势作物的播种期、物候期、作物生育及生理生态特性具有一定的指导意义。

The theory of radiometric calibration was derived and the radiometric calibration of the UV-ICCD was implemented based on spectral irradiance standard deuterium lamp with uncertainty of 5% calibrated by NIST in a laboratory.

推导了辐射定标的原理，并基于标准氘灯对UV-ICCD探测器进行了辐射定标，其标准光源由美国国家标准和技术研究所标定，不确定度为5%。

Thepercentages that solar energy captured by greenhouse macro-environment horizontal surfaceand backwall would decrease a little,and the solar energy on the south vertical surface ofthe canopy would be 10%～20% of that transmitted into the greenhouse.

白天中大部分时间内主体水平面上80%的区域中太阳辐照度分布比较均匀，后墙的散射反射有利于改善主体水平面上的太阳辐射分布状态。当室内存在充分发展的冠层时，主体水平面上的太阳辐射分布趋于均匀。

The NCEP data are used to construct a time series of a radiational indicator of drought: daily net radiation and rainfall data for each NCEP grid are integrated over a period of eight days to match the temporal sampling interval of MODIS data products.

首先利用NCEP 再分析数据建立了干旱度因子的时间序列，为了与MODIS fAPAR 具有相同的时间采样间隔，由NCEP的日净辐射和日降雨量得到每8天的平均净辐射和8日降雨的和。

By using of the data of atmospheric turbidity and surface radiation observed at Zhangye and Desert stations in HEIFE area during the period from the third decade of February to the second decade of May in 1991, together with the data obtained from NOAA\|11 satellite overpassing this area at the same time, we estimate single scattering albedo (\%ω\% 0 ) and fraction of optical depth \%\[k(τλ=8~10 /τλ=0.55 \%)\] of atmospheric dust aerosols, by employed the radiative model in ...

利用 1991年 2月下旬～ 5月中旬HEIFE张掖和沙漠站的大气浑浊度观测、地面辐射观测及同期卫星资料，借助NCARCCM 3中的辐射模式CRM ，模拟估算了我国西北大气沙尘气溶胶的部分光学参数，单次散射反照率(ω0 )和光学厚度比 [k(τλ=8～ 14 /τλ=0 。55) ]。计算结果表明，清洁天ω0 和kτλ=8～ 14 /(τλ=0 。55在沙漠和绿洲均为 0 。94和 0 。1；浑浊天ω0 在绿洲为 0 。90 ，沙漠为 0 。84 ；k(τλ=8～ 14 /τλ=0 。55)在绿洲为 0 。3 ，沙漠为 0 。4。在气候模式中，可将我国西部沙尘源区大气沙尘的ω0 和k(τλ=8～ 14 /τλ=0 。55)分别取为 0 。88和 0 。3。

For a good performance, exact test data and supervisee of the EUT emission, this paper investigated and discussed the technique capability, field calibration...

为了使得电波暗室测试场地能够有效的发挥其测试能力，提供准确的测试数据，从而对无线电设备的电磁干扰提供有效的监管，本文深入研究和讨论了电波暗室测试场地的主要技术指标，场地校准测试方法，以及在电波暗室中进行的辐射骚扰测试和辐射抗扰度测试。

A flat high efficiency super-broadband source was presented. We achieved a C+L-band superfluorescent source, in the region from 1524. 0 to 1600.4nm, the power of the ASE are over -12. 0dBm and the ASE profile excursion is only ±1. 4dB in the region from 1539. 2 to 1600.4nm. The power of the ASE is 22. 1mW and the power conversion efficiency is 18. 8%. 9. The amplification characteristics of thulium-doped fiber amplifier had been studied using the basic theory for fiber amplifier. The connection between the Tm-doped fluoride fiber and silicon fiber was accomplished, and we studied the TDFA and the reason that the expecting results hadn't achieved had been analyzed. The assumption of the Er-Tm-co-doped silicon fiber had been presented, and we studied the Er-Tm-co-doped silicon in cooperation with the correlative corporation, some results had been got and the further studies are carried on.

实验结果得到了覆盖C+L-波段的超荧光光源，在1524.0-1600.4nm波长范围内，自发辐射谱的功率均高于-12.0dBm；在1539.2-1600.4nm波长范围内，自发辐射谱不平坦度为±1.4dB；荧光总功率为22.1mW，功率转换效率为18.8%； 9、应用光纤放大器的基本理论，理论分析和研究了掺铥光纤放大器的放大特性；解决了氟化物掺铥光纤与硅基光纤的连接问题，进行了TDFA的实验研究，分析了没有得到预期结果的原因；最后提出了铒-铥共掺硅基光纤的构想，并与有关单位合作，共同研制了铒-铥共掺硅基光纤，得到了一些前期结果，进一步的研究仍在进行当中。

A process for making an electronic device which comprises applying a nonaqueous plate-resistant ink by ink jet printing to selected areas of a dielectric substrate, optionally laminated with an electrically conductive metal, exposing the plate resistant ink to actinic and/or particle beam radiation to effect polymerisation, adding one or more metal layers by electrolytic or electroless deposition, the upper layer of which is an etchresistant metal, removing the polymerised plate-resistant ink with alkali and finally removing the electrically conductive metal which are optionally directly laminated to the dielectric substrate and not protected by an upper layer of etch-resistant metal by chemical etching wherein the plate-resistant ink is substantially solvent-free and comprises: A 30 to 90 parts acrylate functional monomers free from acid groups comprising mono- or higher functionality wherein 5 to 95% by weight are mono-functional monomers; B 1 to 30 parts acrylate functional monomer containing one or more acid groups; C 0 to 20 parts polymer or prepolymer; D 0 to 20 parts radical initiator; E 0 to 5 parts colorant; F 0 to 5 parts surfactant; and where the ink has a viscosity of not greater than 30 cPs at 40 DEG C and all parts are by weight.

一种制备电子装置的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：通过喷墨印刷在任选层压了一种或多种导电金属的介电底材的选定区域涂覆非水的阻沉积油墨，将所述阻沉积油墨暴露在光化辐射和/或微粒束辐射中以完成聚合，通过电解沉积或无电沉积增加一层或多层金属层，其中最上层的金属层为一种或多种阻蚀刻金属，用碱除去聚合的阻沉积油墨，最后通过化学蚀刻将任选直接层压在所述介电底材上并且不被一种或多种阻蚀刻金属的上层保护的导电金属除去，其中所述阻沉积油墨基本不含溶剂，并且包含以下组分：A30-90份不含酸基团的丙烯酸酯功能性单体，所述单体包括单官能或多官能单体，其中5-95％重量为单官能单体；B1-30份包含一个或多个酸基团的丙烯酸酯功能性单体；C0-20份聚合物或预聚物；D0-20份自由基引发剂；E0-5份着色剂；和F0-5份表面活性剂；其中所述油墨的粘度在40℃下不高于30cPs，并且所有的份数以重量计。

The following main results are obtained: The TiO_2 photocatalyst with small crystallite size, high surface area, narrow and uniform pore size distribution, and microporous frameworks could be prepared out by applying MW radiation in the preparation process. The microwave-induced fluorescence technique verified for the first time that microwave enhanced the formation rate of hydroxyl radical, leading to the increase in the photocatalytic efficiency. Compared with the conventional catalyst, TiO_2 prepared by MW dielectric heating owns a higher UV absorption ability, and its optical absorption edge and photovoltaic response are shifted toward the short wavelength region, resulting in increase of photooxidation efficiency. The photocatalytic conversion and the mineralization ratio of acetaldehyde are increased respectively by 30% and 40% over the TiO2 prepared by MW radiation when compared to the TiO2 prepared by the conventional heating. For the MW-assisted photocatalytic reaction over the MW-prepared TiO2, production of hydroxyl radicals is enhanced by 22.5%, and the photocatalytic conversion is accordingly increased by 20%. Similarlly, applying MW also increased the photocatalytic conversion and the mineralization ratio of acetaldehyde over TiO2/Al2O3 sample.

论文得到如下主要结果和结论：(1)微波介电加热TiO_2 溶胶可得到晶粒度小、光催化活性高、比表面积大和孔径分布窄而均一，且微孔发达的TiO_2光催化剂；在溶胶干燥处理过程中微波可使催化剂表面缺陷增加，进而导致光催化反应过程有更多的活性羟基自由基产生；(2)微波制备能显著增强TiO_2 样品的紫外光吸收率，并使其光吸收和光伏响应阈值发生蓝移，从而提高TiO_2的氧化还原能力；(3)与常规加热法所制TiO_2比较，微波法制备的TiO_2对乙醛的光催化降解转化率提高30%，CO_2生成率提高40%以上；(4)与未加微波辐射时相比，发现在光催化反应过程中施加微波，TiO_2 的羟基自由基生成速率提高了22.5%，相应CH_3CHO 光催化降解转化率提高了20%；对Al_2O_3/TiO_2催化剂，CH_3CHO 光催化降解转化率甚至提高了33%，同时CO_2 的生成率也都大幅度提高；(5)微波辐射可改变光催化降解乙醛的产物分布，推断施加微波时乙醛光催化降解按照羟基自由基引发的链式反应机理进行，微波&非热效应&起主要作用。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。