辐射

The following main results are obtained: The TiO_2 photocatalyst with small crystallite size, high surface area, narrow and uniform pore size distribution, and microporous frameworks could be prepared out by applying MW radiation in the preparation process. The microwave-induced fluorescence technique verified for the first time that microwave enhanced the formation rate of hydroxyl radical, leading to the increase in the photocatalytic efficiency. Compared with the conventional catalyst, TiO_2 prepared by MW dielectric heating owns a higher UV absorption ability, and its optical absorption edge and photovoltaic response are shifted toward the short wavelength region, resulting in increase of photooxidation efficiency. The photocatalytic conversion and the mineralization ratio of acetaldehyde are increased respectively by 30% and 40% over the TiO2 prepared by MW radiation when compared to the TiO2 prepared by the conventional heating. For the MW-assisted photocatalytic reaction over the MW-prepared TiO2, production of hydroxyl radicals is enhanced by 22.5%, and the photocatalytic conversion is accordingly increased by 20%. Similarlly, applying MW also increased the photocatalytic conversion and the mineralization ratio of acetaldehyde over TiO2/Al2O3 sample.

论文得到如下主要结果和结论：(1)微波介电加热TiO_2 溶胶可得到晶粒度小、光催化活性高、比表面积大和孔径分布窄而均一，且微孔发达的TiO_2光催化剂；在溶胶干燥处理过程中微波可使催化剂表面缺陷增加，进而导致光催化反应过程有更多的活性羟基自由基产生；(2)微波制备能显著增强TiO_2 样品的紫外光吸收率，并使其光吸收和光伏响应阈值发生蓝移，从而提高TiO_2的氧化还原能力；(3)与常规加热法所制TiO_2比较，微波法制备的TiO_2对乙醛的光催化降解转化率提高30%，CO_2生成率提高40%以上；(4)与未加微波辐射时相比，发现在光催化反应过程中施加微波，TiO_2 的羟基自由基生成速率提高了22.5%，相应CH_3CHO 光催化降解转化率提高了20%；对Al_2O_3/TiO_2催化剂，CH_3CHO 光催化降解转化率甚至提高了33%，同时CO_2 的生成率也都大幅度提高；(5)微波辐射可改变光催化降解乙醛的产物分布，推断施加微波时乙醛光催化降解按照羟基自由基引发的链式反应机理进行，微波&非热效应&起主要作用。

Meanwhile, to solve the problem of large amount infeasible solutions caused by applying GA to distribution network planning, by use of graph theory and search technique a restoration scheme for infeasible solution is given, by means of restoring isolated nodes, isolated chain and closed loop, it is implemented to restore non-radial network to radial network.

同时为解决遗传算法应用于配电网规划时产生的大量不可行解的问题，借助图论知识和搜索技术给出了不可行解的修复方案，通过对孤岛、孤链和环进行修复，将非辐射状网络修复为辐射状网络。

Hot layer to determine the vertical distribution of temperature, one must also consider airglow radiation energy losses and hot layer at the bottom of the atmosphere oxygen atoms infrared radiation cooling effect.

确定热层内温度垂直分布时，还必须考虑气辉的能量辐射损失和热层底部大气中氧原子的红外辐射的冷却作用。

Airglow and aurora are important optical phenomena. Their radiation, especially ultraviolet radiation contains fundamental chemical and physical information about upper atmosphere and ionosphere.

气辉和极光是高层大气中的重要发光现象，其辐射特性、特别是紫外波段的辐射特性，是高层大气和电离层物理化学过程信息的重要来源。

The Cherenkov radiation is caused by an electron moving faster than the speed of light in The Cherenkov radiation is caused by an electron moving faster than the speed of light in the a a medium, such medium, such as gas.as gas.

CherenkovCherenkov辐射是由速度超过介质内光速的电子在介质辐射是由速度超过介质内光速的电子在介质里里的运动所产生。

Meanwhile Pierre Colin of the Max Planck Institute for Physics in Munich and his colleagues reckon that the shadow of the moon could be used to help work out whether the abundance of positrons actually does come from annihilating dark matter, using telescopes that look for Cherenkov radiation —flashes of light in the sky—that are created when cosmic rays, in the form of high-energy electrons and positrons, hit the upper atmosphere.

同时，在慕尼黑的马普物理研究所的皮埃尔·科林和他的同事们指出：可以用望远镜观测月球阴影下的切伦科夫辐射现象来判断大量的正电子是否的确来自湮灭的暗物质。切伦科夫辐射现象，是指带有高能量的电子和正电子的宇宙射线，撞击外层大气层时在天空中产生的闪光现象。

Meanwhile Pierre Colin of the Max Planck Institute for Physics in Munich and his colleagues reckon that the shadow of the moon could be used to help work out whether the abundance of positrons actually does come from annihilating dark matter, using telescopes that look for Cherenkov radiation —flashes of light in the sky—that are created when cosmic rays, in the form of high-energy electrons and positrons, hit the upper atmosphere.

与此同时，在慕尼黑的马普物理研究所的皮埃尔？科林和他的同事们指出：在用望远镜观测切伦科夫辐射现象时，月球阴影可以帮助判断大量的正电子是否的确来自暗物质湮灭。切伦科夫辐射现象，是指带有高能量的电子和正电子的宇宙射线，撞击外层大气层时在天空中产生的闪光现象。

Using above two methods calculate the thermal infrared information in Sitsang to recognize anomaly and receive ideal production.

利用上述两种方法定量的计算西藏地区一年半热辐射值，从热红外卫星遥感数据中识别出热辐射异常，将其与地震资料对比分析研究取得了较为理想的成果。

The radiation temperature of background is gotten by infrared detector,and the control of surface radiation temperature of target is accomplished by Peltier effect,and the configuration software realizes the supervisory control function of system.

对于红外成像系统而言，目标的红外识别所依据的是目标自身及其所处背景的红外辐射特征和两者之间红外辐射对比特征。

The fine-beam diffraction of ferroelastic twins has been studied in detailfor the first time,and we have demonstrated the spot splitting of the a-typeferroelastic twin of NdP5O14 in its Laue pattern.With the help of computersimulation,the twin symmetry and structures were determined from the char-acteristics of the spot splitting.

在同步辐射微衍射中，我们首次在NPP a-型孪晶界的微衍射Laue图中发现Laue斑点分裂现象，结合NPP的自发应变，借助于计算机模拟，我们确定了这种挛晶的对称性与结构，并发展了一套利用同步辐射微衍射研究晶体中取向孪晶对称性的方法。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。