辐射

According to the distribution of time resolved relative intensity of continuum emission of the plasma induced by laser ablating Al in Ar,we have briefly discussed the mechanism of the continuum radiation of the plasma induced by laser ablating Aluminum.

根据连续辐射强度的时间分布，简要讨论了激光诱导等离子体连续辐射的产生机理。根据连续辐射强度的波长分布，提出了原子对激光诱导等离子体连续辐射共振吸收理论。

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

The transition radiation faculae on the rear side of a 20m thick target Ta was a smooth round structure with the center brighter than the periphery, indicating incoherent transition radiation and coherent transition radiation, which is close to the results of the theoretical simulations. For a 100m thick target Ta, the faculae was a star-structure and became smaller, which resembles a star-structure of the energetic proton emission. For a 10μm Ta+10m Cu+5m Ta composite target, the faculae was a ring structure and became bigger and non-uniform, looked like two apart faculae.

在厚度为20μm的Ta靶背表面观测到渡越辐射光斑呈现较平滑的圆形结构，而且中心亮度高于周围，这包含了非相干与相干渡越辐射的成分，与理论模拟结果接近；在厚度为100μm的Ta靶背表面观测到渡越辐射光斑呈现出星状结构，光斑较小，与高能质子发射出现的星状结构极其相似；在复合靶背表面观测到渡越辐射光斑虽然也呈现大致的圆形结构，但光斑较大，而且极不均匀，中间有很明显的光斑分裂。

In addition to the standard stormtrooper utility belt, radtroopers carry survival equipment with anti-radiation pills, detoxification hypos, a radiation tent, a water purifier, and a radiation meter.

除了标准的暴风战士武装带，辐射部队还有生存设备，包括反辐射药片，消毒用具，防辐射帐篷，水消毒器和辐射度表。

Radiation with different wavelength is emitted because of reciprocity of coronal mass ejections with corona and interplanetary medium.

分析结果表明，其射电辐射机制主要是轫致辐射、微量的回旋辐射和更加微弱的复合辐射。此外，分析讨论了1999年2月至1999年8月期间与CME共生的太阳微波爆发。

Ionizing radiation ; natural radiation ; man\|m ade environmental radiation ; public ; environment ; radiation protection

北京大学物理学院技术物理系；物理， Physics ，编辑部邮箱 2003年 09期电离辐射；天然辐射；人工辐射；公众；环境；辐射防护

The is related to the frequency dependent absorption cross section and the density and spatial distribution of atoms in the lower level of the transition. Position dependent 5P3/2 state densities had been combined with the collisional broadening rate 5P3/2 5S1/2 line due to both helium and cesium perturbers to yield the .The effective radiative rates of the Rb D2 line as a function of the He pressure PHe were obtained . The fluorescence intensity I780 of the 5P3/2 5S1/2 emission was measured simultaneously.

由于辐射陷获存在，有效辐射率是自然辐射率与透射因子（发射的光子在探测区域内没有被吸收的平均概率，它与吸收截面及激发态原子密度和空间分布有关）的乘积。5P3/2原子密度及其空间分布结合5P3/2 5S1/2跃迁线的碰撞增宽计算了透射因子，从而得到了不同He气压下，Rb D2线的有效辐射率。

The end linking the timing gears cap, the side wall of cylinder and the skirt section of the engineblock are the sound radiation resources of the two engineblock sides. Except that, this thesis calculates sound power level of radiated noise from the engineblock with MATV method. It is found that the noise radiated from the engineblock is slightly loud.

此外本文还应用MATV法计算了气缸体辐射噪声的声功率级，通过声功率级的计算发现：气缸体的辐射噪声偏高，达到了108.84dBA，并且在850Hz时，由于气缸体的激励频率与其第八阶固有频率相等，气缸体发生了共振，因而在该频率时，气缸体的辐射噪声最大，所占气缸体表面辐射噪声总能量比重也最高，该频率应该是本文噪声控制关心的重点。

Irradiation graft copolymerization becomes a green and important synthetic strategy for surface functionalization and facile preparation of new organic biomedical materials .

综述了γ-射线辐射接枝共聚反应的原理、特点，阐述了预辐射接枝共聚和共辐射接枝共聚的方法，介绍了当前γ-射线辐射接枝共聚反应在改善有机生物医用材料的表面亲水性、生物相容性等方面的应用。

CAS radiation technology services company in Shanghai of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of radiation technology company in Shanghai's technology subsidiary, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences radiation technology company in 1989 by the Chinese Academy of Sciences of Nuclear Science and Physical and Chemical led the organization of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, owned by high-energy physics Shanghai by the atomic nucleus, Lanzhou Modern Physics, Plasma Physics in Hefei, the Changchun Applied Chemistry, Hefei Chinese Scientific and Technical University jointly established a joint venture and technical input, built for the cable factory in Yantai, Changshu Cable Factory, Liyang Cable Factory, Huaian cable factory Electronic contracting, such as the establishment of a special radiation cross-linking cable production lines and a number of radiation center and computer and new materials production base, by the relevant State Council ministries and provincial and municipal leaders on the importance and recognition, that was the first national high-tech Enterprise units, radiation technology company in 2002 to reform the merger into a new high-tech companies, and the Shanghai Technology Services Division of the Department of independent legal entities and by relying on the Chinese nuclear radiation and high-tech base for the successful trial production of 200-nanometer tetrafluoroethylene Ethylene special engineering plastics ultra-fine powder, consisting mainly expected to add new type of dispersing agent, detergent, antioxidant Kangfu agent, the preparation of a motor vehicle and vessel efficient use of lubricating oil additives series.

中国科学院辐射技术公司上海服务部系原中国科学院辐射技术公司在上海的技术子公司，而中国科学院辐射技术公司是1989年由中科院数理化局核科学处牵头组织中国科学院所属的高能物理所，上海原子核所、兰州近代物理所、合肥等离子物理所、长春应用化学所、合肥中国科技大学共同合资并投入技术建立的，建成后为烟台电缆厂、常熟电缆厂、溧阳电缆厂、淮安电缆厂等承包建立了电子辐照交联特种电缆生产线和一批辐照中心和计算机及新材料生产基地，受到国务院有关部委和有关省市领导的重视和表扬，并被国家认定的第一批高技术企业单位，2002年辐射技术公司进行体制改革合并成新的高技术公司，而上海技术服务部系独立法人单位并依托中科院原子核所辐照基地的高新技术及试制成功的200纳米聚四氟乙烯特种工程塑料超细粉，以此为主料加上新型的分散剂、清净剂、抗氧抗腐剂等，配制成汽车用和船舶用的高效润滑油系列添加剂。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。