辐射

It is not only quite meaningful for the radiation-induced demagnetization of permanent magnets but also for the health physics and radiation physics problems.

对此复杂的辐射场进行研究，不仅对于永久磁铁的辐射退磁效应而且对于高能电子加速器的辐射防护及辐射物理问题，都具有十分重要的意义。

Proton events in general only occur in SAA region while electron events appear at both SAA and polar regions.Electron flux of 0 5～2 0?MeV in polar regions is dominant over that of 2～15?MeV,while at SAA,fluxes from the two channels are about the same.There is a close correlation between energetic particle radiation inside and outside the satellite.

与现有理论模型和国外大致相同轨道上的空间高能辐射环境直接观测资料对比还表明，卫星舱内的辐射与舱外的空间辐射环境是完全相关的，积累的有关资料不但是航天设计和环境应用研究所需的重要参量之一，也是空间物理基础研究特别是辐射带研究的重要数据。

The project is a energy-saving revolution of 1,450 Celsius degree high-temperature radiation, national 863 new energy project and national 973(409) engineering project with many honors and patents including multi-resource non-imaging high-temperature wide-wave far infrared intensified radiator, quanta radiator high-energy hot-wind installation, high-energy far infrared radiator hot-wind heat interchanger, Gold Award of the 51st Eureka World Exhibition and Special Award of Genevese Patent Technology in 2002, hence with a promising market prospect.

项目是1450度高温辐射的节能革命，是国家863新能源项目，是国家973(409)工程项目，获得多个荣誉和专利，包括：多源非成像高温远红外定向强辐射器，量子辐射高能热风装置，高能远红外辐射热风险换热器，第51届尤里卡世界博览会金奖，02年日内瓦专利技术特别奖，市场极为广阔。

Most of the current finite element software packages treat it using the net-radiation method or absorbed radiation method based on the assumption of isothermal surface with uniform radiation heat flux,which brings the conflict between the precision and the quantity of grids.

进行了选用高阶单元、采用高斯积分精确计算单元表面变辐射热流方法的研究，从而摆脱了一致表面温度和辐射热流的假设，使得在相同网格密度的情况下计算精度大大提高；同时，从包含辐射换热问题的有限元计算方程出发，采用与有限元数值计算时相同的积分方案，只在独立的积分点处计算辐射热流，克服了积分方法计算效率低的缺点。

In comparison with literature method, the microwave approach shows the salient features of rapid reaction rates and significant energy saving, clean reaction conditions, enhancement in chemical yield, and nonuse of perchloric acid(70%), which will result in cost saving and minimize safety concerns in the organic laboratory.

考察了微波辐射功率和辐射时间对目标产物收率的影响，2，4，6-三芳基吡喃盐与盐酸羟胺反应生成3，5-二芳基异噁唑衍生物的最佳微波辐射功率为600 W，辐射时间为8 min，最大收率为83%。

Through studies of radiological courses, studens can handle how to obviate, diagnose and treat acute radiation diseases; prehension the etiopathogenesis of acute radiation diseases; handle how to protect the operants whom utilize nuclear ennergy and treat a case of nuclear accident; prehension mechanisms of radiation cancerogenesis and genetic effect; master basi-handling technical skills.

通过对本课程的学习使学生掌握辐射损伤的机制和急性辐射损伤的诊、治，核能利用中的辐射防护、核事故伤员医学处理、辐射致癌和遗传效应的机理等，掌握放射医学科学研究的基本操作技能。

So the technique of uncooled microbolometer infrared imaging has become one of the main points from now on. In the paper uncooled microbolometer infrared imaging system is studied from focal plane character, image dealing and application. The details are in the following: On uncooled microbolometer infrared focal plane aspect: first, the work principle of microbolometer, manufacturing technology of microbolometer infrared focal plane, temperature balance equation of microbolometer detector are analyzed. The performance of microbolometer detector is predicted by model. Second, the infrared focal plane is the core of infrared system, whose quality can determine the performance of the system. It is the precondition that the high quality of every detective unit maintains the qualification of the focal plane. The even degree of detective units has great influence on imaging characters if the other characters of detective units are normal.

本文以非致冷微测辐射热计红外成像系统为对象，从焦平面特性、图像处理和红外系统应用方面展开分析、研究，具体内容如下；在微测辐射热计红外焦平面方面，首先分析了微测辐射热计的工作原理、微测辐射热计红外焦平面的工艺制作、微测辐射热计探测单元的温度平衡方程，根据有关参数对其特性进行建模预测；其次，红外焦平面是红外系统的核心，它的质量的好坏直接决定系统性能，因此保证其各探测单元的高性能是维护焦平面品质的前提，在探测单元其它特性正常的情况下，各探测单元之间特性的均匀程度对系统成像性能有极大影响，为此本文提出自适应滤波多项式焦平面非均匀性校正算法从软件角度解决焦平面的固有的噪声问题。

This invention relates to a circular small UHF antenna with high dielectric constant and its processing method, among which, the UHF antenna characterizes that 1,it is composed of a radiation plate, a feed point and a medium chip, 2, the radiation plate is closely adhered to the top surface of the medium chip, the bottom surface is the metal ground face, the chip and the radiation plate is rectangle or square, 3, the feed point is at the 1/3 place of the diagonal line of the rectangular or square radiation plate apart from the top point.

本发明涉及一种高介电常数圆极化小型超高频天线及其制作方法。UHF天线特征在于(1)所述的超高频天线是由辐射贴片、馈电点和介质基片组成；(2)辐射贴片紧贴在介质基片的上表面，介质基片的下表面为金属接地面；介质基片和辐射贴片呈矩形或正方形；(3)馈电点位于矩形或正方形的辐射贴片的对角线离顶点的1/3处。其制作方法是采用ε≥38高均匀性陶瓷基片，再结合丝网印刷技术完成厚膜焙银后形成辐射贴片，然后再圆极化。具有制作工艺成熟、体积小及使用灵活等特点。

Firstly, we research the Vlasov antenna with reflector mainly. A new method to calculate the radiation of the antenna is founded with Vectorial Theory of Diffraction, and the corresponding program is made. The reflective characters of Vlasov antenna are studied with Moment Methods, and the results show that the total reflected energy is less than 0.25%. The radiation patterns of the antenna are analyzed, and the formulas to estimate the wave beam parameters and to design the antenna are provided. The feasibility of radiating high-order modes by Vlasov antenna is also discussed and verified. The hermetization of the Vlasov antenna is researched and the results show that with such kinds of hermetization the antenna can work under gigawatt level. The design of the mode converter from TEM to TMoi is studied, which is useful when the TEM coaxial mode is radiated by Vlasov antenna. At last, the flared-end Vlasov antenna is also discussed.

在Vlasov天线方面：用矢量绕射理论建立了天线辐射场的计算模型并编写了计算程序，该程序计算结果在主瓣上与实验测量吻合良好，近旁瓣也基本一致；利用矩量法计算了天线的反射系数，表明该天线有较小的反射，总的能量反射小于0.25％；详细分析了天线的辐射特性，给出了天线辐射波束相关参数的估算公式和天线设计公式；进一步研究和论证了Vlasov天线辐射高阶轴对称模的可行性；对天线的密封方式和功率容量进行了讨论，结果表明在不需很大密封罩的情况下可以获得GW级的功率容量；为了用Vlasov天线辐射同轴TEM模，研究了TEM-TM_(01)模式转换器的设计，得到了一些基本规律；最后，介绍和分析了带有锥形喇叭的Vlasov天线。

The main contents of the present paper include: 1、The mechanism of fouling accumulation and the effects of fouling and slagging on boiler performance are analyzed. The model of fouling increasing is developed on the basis of sediment rate and denudation rate. The fouling monitoring models for boiler furnace and convective sections based on heat balance, the ones for air heater based on converted pressure difference are given. The implement results show that these models can reveal the cleanliness of boiler heat transfer surface. 2、The disadvantages of the model for boiler furnace fouling and slagging monitoring based on heat balance are discussed, and the calculation of radiant heat flux is considered as the primary difficulty.

主要包括以下内容： 1、分析了锅炉受热面污染形成的机理，从灰污的沉积率和剥蚀率角度出发，推导了受热面灰污增长的基本模型，分析了灰污热阻随积灰时间和烟气流速变化的规律，并通过大量现场试验，得到了沉积常数与时间常数的取值范围； 2、针对炉膛、对流受热面和空气预热器等不同受热面的传热特性，分别建立了基于热平衡和折算压差的污染在线监测模型，经实践验证，其监测结果能够满足现场工程应用的精度要求； 3、分析了基于热平衡原理的辐射、半辐射污染监测模型的不足之处，指出了机理模型因对炉内辐射换热量计算不准确，导致对以辐射换热为主的炉膛和以半辐射半对流的屏式过热器监测效果不够理想。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。