辐射

However, Marshall[1] derived the Planck's black body radiation formula from classical theory without any quantum hypothesizes, and also She[2,3] derived directly the quantization of light energy in vacuum and the Planck radiation formula from classical electromagnetic theory.

可是，英国科学家Marshall却不借助任何量子假设而仅仅依靠经典理论就导出了Planck的黑体辐射公式[1]，中国科学家She也不依靠任何量子理论而仅仅根据经典理论就直接导出了真空中光能量的量子化，还能顺利导出Planck的黑体辐射公式[2，3]。

Thermal Physics: conduction, convection and radiation; black body radiation and energy quantization; ideal gas and kinetic theory; work, heat and internal energy; first law of thermodynamics; entropy and the second law of thermodynamics; Carnot cycle; heat engine and refrigerators.

热力学：传导、流及辐射、体辐射及能量量子化、想气体及理论、、及内能、力学第一定律、及热力学第二定律、诺循环、机和冰箱。

The introduced model can simulate both the steady state and the transient temperature field of the top surface of the thermal sensitive layer on a bolometer detector.

本文主要介绍用有限元数值分析的方法对非致冷红外测辐射热计探测器的温度分布进行计算，其有限元模型可以对测辐射热计探测器热敏层表面的稳态和瞬态温度场进行仿真。

La 0.67 Ca 0.33 MnO 3 epitaxial thin films were used as the photosensitive element of the bolometer, and the optical response of this device to the He\|Ne laser and the blackbody were measured.

用外延法生长的La0 。67Ca0 。3 3 MnO3薄膜作为测辐射热仪的辐射敏感元件，测量了该器件对黑体和He Ne激光器的光学响应。

At one time, we emphasized the solar radiation transfer mechanics. To advance the estimation precision, in this paper, we classed land cover into four layer, canopy of Robinia pseudoacacia L ,top of Melilotus albus Desr,bottome of Melilotus albus Desr and layer of soil, separately estimated their fluxes of moisture, heat and CO2 ,actualized the separated simulation for each composement in soil-vegetation-atmosphere contimuum.

同时，本次研究强调了太阳辐射在冠层间的辐射传输机制，为了提高估算精度，本文把地表覆盖分为刺槐冠层，草木樨上层、草木樨下层及土壤层四个层面来分别估算其水热及CO2通量，做到了土壤-植被-大气连续体能量及物质通量的分离模拟。

The ratio of the microwave radiation to the X-ray bremsstrahlung radiation is dependent on the density in the emitting region.

微波辐射与X射线韧致辐射的比值与发射区的密度有关。

The methods can be extended to various energies of electron beam and different teletherapy methods, and the results can be used to make predictions about bremsstrahlung dosage in different treatments.

发现电子射程内的制动辐射约为给予剂量的1-1.5%，在电子射程外的制动辐射为给予剂量的0.1-1%。

In the paper, We analyze the reason and effect of the bremsstrahlung, calculate the dose in the linear section of the storage rings, and propose the defense project to shield it.

本文详细从束流丢失的角度研究辐射产生的根源，并重点论述了轫致辐射特性。

In order to prevent all kinds of radiation produced by electron linear accelerator from bringing about harmful effect on creatures,we adopt some measures to shield bremsstrahlung X-rays and photoneutron in the design of accelerator.

为防止电子直线加速器产生的各种辐射所造成的有害生物效应，加速器实验室应采用一系列措施，对韧致辐射 x 线及光中子进行屏蔽防护。

The broad-brimmed hats and turban can block 50% of solar radiation and reduce the solar radiation into your eyes from around the glasses.

宽边帽子和头巾阻挡50%的太阳辐射，减少从镜片四周进入你眼睛的太阳辐射。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。